Meteor Essay Example For Students

Meteor Essay CraterEarly throughout the entire existence of the close planetary system, when space was jumbled with thematerials of its development, the planets and their moons were intensely bombardedby shooting stars. A portion of the individuals from the close planetary system (Mars, Mercury and ourmoon, for instance) despite everything show the residuals of the early stage downpour of iron andstone. On our dynamic planet earth, disintegration by climate, water and ice and thecontinuous reshuffling of crustal plates have eradicated the majority of the proof ofthat early cratering. The nearby planetary group, not yet totally away from the cosmicdebris which was left over at its introduction to the world, kept on pouring little shooting stars downupon the planets, and every so often the earth is struck by an article huge enoughto exhume a sizable gap. Many shooting star sway pits have beenrecognized on the outside of the earth. By and large, disintegration has evacuated all butthe broke root zon es of the cavities. The most renowned earthly impactcrater is in the desert close to Winslow, Arizona. Starting point of Meteor Crater Whathappens when a powerful power meets an enduring item? Meteor Crater!50,000 years prior, a gigantic iron-nickel shooting star, plunging at around 40,000 milesper hour, struck the rough plain of Northern Arizona with a touchy forcegreater than 20 million tons of TNT. The shooting star evaluated to have been about150 feet across and gauging a few hundred tons, in under a couple seconds,left a hole 700 feet down and in excess of 4000 thousand feet over. Largeblocks of limestone, some of them, the spans of little houses were hurled ontothe edge. Level lying beds of rock in the cavity dividers were toppled infractions of a second and elevated for all time as much as 150 feet. Today, thecrater is 550 feet down, and 2.4 miles in circuit. Twenty football gamescould be played at the same time on its floor, while in excess of two millionspectators saw from its inclining sides. In 1902, Daniel Moreau Barringer, aPhiladelphia mining engineer, got keen on the site as a potentialsource for mining iron. He later visited the cavity and was persuaded that ithad been framed by the effect of an enormous iron shooting star. He further accepted thatthis body was covered underneath the hole floor. Barringer was right. The craterwas framed by a shooting star sway, yet what he didn't know was that themeteorite experienced all out breaking down during sway through vaporization,melting and discontinuity. In 1903, he shaped the Standard Iron Company and hadfour placer mining claims recorded with the Government, in this manner getting thepatents and responsibility for two square miles containing the pit. Barringerspent the following 26 years endeavoring to discover what he accepted would be the giantiron shooting star. Barringer never found what he was searching for, yet he dideventually demonstrate to mainstream researchers that the cavity was the sit e of ameteorite sway. ATextbooks are worried about introducing the realities of the case(whatever the case might be) as though there can be no contesting them, as though they arefixed unchanging. What's more, still more regrettable, there is generally no piece of information offered as to whoclaimed these are the realities of the case, or how emailprotected found these facts(there being no the individual in question, I or we). There is no feeling of the feebleness orambiguity of human judgment, no trace of the conceivable outcomes of mistake. Information ispresented as an item to be procured, never as human battle to understand,to conquer deception, to bumble toward the emailprotected - Neil Postman. The End ofEducation Grove Karl Gilbert, the principal individual to direct a full scientificsurvey of the puzzling pit in the Arizona desert, was the most renowngeologist of his age, and has been depicted as Aperhaps the closestequivalent to a holy person that American science has yet c reated. (Hoyt, p37) He wastolerant, liberal, and impartial, with an extraordinary abhorrence of debate ofany kind. As boss geologists of the U.S. Topographical Survey, his prestigiousdemeanor was held in high regard. with the end goal that none of his partners or successorswere willing to openly scrutinize his decisions in any event, when it became apparentthat a portion of those ends had been off-base. In 1891, Gilbert becameinterested in reports of an enormous assortment of nickel-iron shooting stars discovered inthe neighborhood of a colossal round pit in the Arizona desert. Since hehad as of now hypothesized on the potential outcomes of al enormous meteoritestriking the earth, he chose to visit the hole and attempt to decide .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .postImageUrl , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:hover , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:visited , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:active { border:0!important; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:active , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8 ad6bb9e1a5804 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Miss Persuasive Essay

Impact of Icebreaker Tasks on ESL Speaking Ability

Effect of Icebreaker Tasks on ESL Speaking Ability CHAPTER Foundation and Purpose Presentation Talking is the most requesting aptitude among English students and over the previous decades, expanding enthusiasm for various parts of improving talking capacity has set off an assortment of examinations, and hypothetical conversations that have revealed insight into improving this capacity. Icebreakers will be utilized in this investigation to improve talking capacity in grown-up upper-middle of the road EFL students. Ice breaking implies breaking the ice among students and utilizing ice breakers to urge understudies to associate all together. Proclamation of Problem The absence of legitimate talking exercises to improve oral creation in grown-up EFL understudies of upper-middle of the road level, brings about a terrible showing when talking. This undertaking hopes to discover important data that adds to conquer the issues grown-up EFL understudies of upper-middle of the road level face when communicating in the objective language in the homeroom. Hypothetical Framework Talking expertise is as vital as some other language abilities. Shumin (1997) states that figuring out how to communicate in an unknown dialect requires more than knowing its sentence structure and jargon. Students ought to get the aptitude through communication with one another. Be that as it may, it is hard for EFL students to talk suitable English in the homeroom due to the restricted language use in their genuine lives. Ice breakers are conversation questions or communication exercises used to assist members with unwinding and straightforwardness in learning circumstance (Dover, 2004). The essential objective for an ice breaker is the improvement of a domain that is tension diminishing and, which permits people to break the ice or get to know having a fabulous time. Pillai (2007) makes reference to the reason for ice breakers as helping new and timid understudies strike a discussion, creating relational abilities and group building, breaking social obstructions among understudies, advancing a feeling of trust and companionship between understudies, empowering understudies, and setting them up to learn by invigorating their psyches as well as their bodies. Forbes-Greene (1984) characterizes icebreakers as instruments that empower understudies to cultivate association, energize inventive reasoning, challenge essential suspicions, clarify new ideas, and present explicit material. As indicated by Varvel (2002) ice breaker is an action used to assist individual with slipping into the gathering setting. Likewise, Wright (1999) characterizes ice breaker as opening correspondence among understudies as among educator and understudies. Jenkins (2011) contends that ice breaker ought to be dynamic and straightforward in order to fulfill understudies need to set up a suitable social relationship with different understudies and educators and furthermore see the style and substance of the homeroom occasion. As per Sapp (2007) standards of fruitful ice breakers are as per the following: Straightforward Non-undermining Open finished Applicable Invigorating Witkowski (2000) states that a few components ought to be considered in structuring a proper ice breaker in the study hall. He recorded these components as follow: Objective Crowd Time the board Control Truly, we can say that how well understudies do in class relies generally upon how well educator breaks the ice between them. Starting here of view, English instructors ought to reexamine the technique they can apply in their classes and attempt to improve their educating capacity. Reason for the Study As far as abilities, creating a lucid and familiar bit of discourse is likely the most significant thing there is to do between EFL students. The current examination researches ice breaking undertakings as exercises that dared to assume a job in EFL talking classes. The primary inquiry this examination attempts to answer is whether giving understudies ice slowing down undertakings as their study hall exercises will apply any effect on their talking expertise. As indicated by Peterson (2010), starting your exercise plans with a five-minute ice breaker can serve to concentrate your understudies on the point, open up innovative reasoning and help them to apply the learning in new manners. As indicated by Leblanc (2011) ice breaking exercises will assist understudies with turning off the outside world and spotlight on the job that needs to be done. Before the finish of the ice breaking movement, each understudy will be prepared to learn and having the option to concentrate on their langu age exercise. At that point, an instructor will arrive at each understudy and will enable their understudies to accomplish their language objectives. In any homeroom, there consistently are understudies who are increasingly hesitant and are eager to let others do all the partaking. By drawing in understudies to participate in an okay, ice-breaking action, instructors will arrive at each understudy and will enable their understudies to accomplish their language objectives. In view of the issues and reason for study, the accompanying examination questions were proposed: Does giving understudies ice-breaking errands have any impact on their talking capacity? How much ice-breakers improve talking? What components can be considered in testing talking capacity of EFL students? What is the impact of utilizing ice-breakers in improving each factor that considered in testing students talking capacity? What is the relationship between's utilizing ice-breaker exercises and understudies sexual orientation? When instructors use ice-breaking as a procedure to improve oral capacity in English homerooms? 1.5. Criticalness of the Study In the period of web and data innovation, communicating in English has become so significant and numerous EFL teachers and managers comprehend the substance of the talking procedure. Figuring out how to communicate in English fluidly is critical to the vast majority of the understudies. Hence, helping understudies to create talking abilities is a requesting venture for instructors. Utilizing a decent ice breaker is essential to an English language exercise, as it sets the understudies up for progress on a wide range of levels. As indicated by Flanigan (2011) performing ice breaking exercises in English class will assist understudies with being in the correct outlook to learn. Likewise legitimate ice breaking exercises guarantee that understudies will take full advantage of their group and they will have some good times. 1.6. Exploration Design and Methodology 1.6.1. Exploration Design Since genuine arbitrary determination of the subjects is incomprehensible, the specialist utilized unblemished gatherings dependent on the consequences of understudies past general English grades. Along these lines the structure which can fit this investigation is the semi trial plan with the pre-test, post-test design. In the current examination ice breakers are the free factor and talking is the needy variable. In this way the adequacy of ice breakers, the measure of progress, factors that can be considered in testing talking capacity, and impact of utilizing icebreakers in each factor will be investigated quantitatively by information examination of pre-test and post-test, and subjectively by dissecting educators see point about the handiness of ice-breakers. 1.6.2. Setting and Participants Subsequent to overseeing the example speaking IELTS test, based on the outcome, 100 understudies, whose homogeneities is affirmed will be chosen and separated into two gatherings ,one as the benchmark group and the other one as the test gathering. Originating from various divisions, for example, Science, History, Literature, Computer Science and Civil Engineering, Both gatherings will go to English classes two times each week all through the semester (around 18 meetings, 3hours every meeting). 1.6.3. Information Collection Instruments For gathering information, two instruments have been utilized in this investigation. The initial ones are diverse sort of ice breakers that have been accumulated from related standard sources. The subsequent instrument is meet with educators. As we will clarify last mentioned, it will expound so as to distinguish a few angles identified with the teachers’ perspective about the convenience of ice-breakers in upper-intercede level, and the understudies response to these sorts of exercises. 1.6.4. Information Analysis As it was referenced before, there is a six overlap reason that will advance the current investigation. This examination is for the most part an endeavor (a) to look at the likely impact of ice breakers on the talking capacity of EFL understudies at upper-middle of the road language capability level, (b) to research the measure of ice breakers impact, (c) to explore factors that are considered in testing talking (d) study the impact of utilizing ice-breakers in improving each factor,(e) measure the connection between's utilizing ice-breaker exercises and understudies gender,and (f) the conditions wherein the educators use ice breakers to adapt to hesitance in oral English language homerooms. Information for this investigation got from pre-test, post-test, and meeting with instructors. At that point so as to do factual investigation, the SPSS programming is utilized. 1.7. Impediment and Delimitations of the Study 1.7.1. Impediments The same number of different investigations, this examination experiences a few constraints, those conditions outside the ability to control of the specialist that may put limitations on the finishes of the investigation and their application to different circumstances (Best Kahn, 1989, p.38). It appears that the accompanying variables have constrained this examination somehow: 1. Indeed, so as to give each and every individual from a populace an equivalent opportunity to be remembered for the example, irregular testing is required. However the sort of examining, which was utilized in this examination was the accessible gathering choice, for example rather than singular subject choice, there was bunch choice. 2. Subjects social classes were surely overlooked also. 3. Educators age, sexual orientation, and social class were disregarded, as well. 4. The quantity of subjects was constrained to 100 and the augmentation of the analysis was restricted to one term. 5. The generalizability to other language capability levels needs further exploration. 1.7.2. Delimitation So as to meet the standard of sensibility and to allow an agreeable investigation of the outcomes, narrowing down and delimiting the issues in any examination have pr

Female Genital Mutilation Essay

Female Genital Mutilation Essay Female Genital Mutilation Essay The World Health Organization characterizes Female Genital Mutilation as a training that includes the adjustment of female genitalia in a way that doesn't hand-off any health advantages to the person in question. As per Oleinick (1998), around 87% of Egyptian Islamic ladies bolster the training. The degree of this help is owing to different components. These might be social, strict or social. The motivation behind this examination was to discover the present province of FGM as a social practice in Egypt. Furthermore, the investigation needed to test helpful techniques in wiping out FGM. At long last, the examination was to feature the effects of FGM on the worldwide social insurance framework. The examination utilizes a longitudinal methodology. Different elements make the Egyptian individuals powerless to the act of FGM. Right off the bat are the socio-segment qualities. These incorporate factors, for example, age, pay, religion, conjugal status and level of salary. Islam considers FGM as ‘makruma’. This infers it's anything but a required, yet noteworthy act. As per National Geographic Statistics, the country’s education level stands at 58%. There is restricted information on the ramifications of the training. In Egypt, people group uphold FGM through different activities. For example, ladies who don't partake are regularly excluded from the network. The way that it is a cultural standard likewise allows the training. Eighty-two percent of Egyptian ladies suggest FGM for their girls. Different factors in the Egyptian culture strengthen this training. Circumcised ladies see themselves as ‘clean’. Egyptians acknowledge FGM as an instrument for decreasing a woman’s moxie, close by other psychosexual impacts, in restricting infidelity. These elements brief a lion's share of ladies to look for or take an interest in FGM. Therefore, over 90% of Egyptian ladies have partaken. This is unpredictable to strict variables. For example, 78% of Christian ladies have taken part. This pervasiveness is owing to different components. The most significant are religion and Egyptian culture. From the investigation, FGM is all the more a social practice. The Quran has dubious help for the training. The presence of FGM went before Islam. There is little relationship between's the two marvels. FGM is non-existent in nations, for example, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq, where religion is exceptionally respected (Oleinick, 1998). As indicated by the Toubia, Izzett WHO (1998), the training is an infringement of human and sexual orientation rights. Be that as it may, campaigners have put forth different slip-ups in the attempt against FGM. To address this, different techniques need usage during mediation. For example, the methodology taken ought to be multi-sectoral. Members might be from the wellbeing or legitimate networks. Local gatherings ought to have the option to work inseparably with NGOs. The procedure of conduct change is a moderate one. To annihilate FGM, the endeavors must be practical. The enrolling of help by pioneers from different fields is urgent. For example, strict pioneers, for example, Imams are persuasive in ruining the training. Numerous individuals move to Western nations, for example, the United Kingdom (UK) to maintain a strategic distance from this evil practice. Subsequently, the examination found that foreigners who have experienced FGM experience entanglements. These might be hemorrhages and different impacts. This turns into an issue for the human services frameworks of the occupant nations. There are numerous obstructions to the end of FGM. Right off the bat, Egypt is a huge nation. The nation has numerous meagerly populated locales, whose occupants take an interest in FGM. Getting to such territories is troublesome. Furthermore, the nation has poor instructive measures. Around 60% of members were oblivious of FGM’s suggestions. The Egyptian social disposition has been against Western standards since the 1940s. In this manner, thoughts advanced by bodies, for example, the WHO are frequently dismissed. At long last, Egyptians fear social repercussions, for example, evading and reviles, by neglecting to take an interest in FGM (Olenick, 1998). As indicated by Celenko (1996), there is proof of a Greek papyrus that depicts the training in the Ancient Egyptian setting. Egypt is an overwhelmingly Muslim state. Subsequently, religion entwines with culture. Note that Egypt has a fatherly culture. Therefore, they complete FGM as a demonstration of submitting ladies to men. Also, FGM has a nearby connection to marriage. The examination found that circumcised ladies have better possibilities of getting hitched. Strict and political impacts are the principle obstructions towards the total disposal of FGM. Here, the universal network comes to center. Campaigners ought not force their belief systems on the Egyptians. Rather, they should adopt an abstract strategy. Do you need expertly composed custom expositions for cash? can furnish you with proficient article composing help on the web.

Information Flow

There are numerous components that guide an association in being effective, anyway one of the key components is Information stream. In my Journal Entry I will portray the degrees of correspondence, both great and awful, that are found inside Johnson Matthey, my present boss. I will talk about the three fundamental administrative methodologies inside my organization that I have watched, and the three potential correspondence hindrances too. The intrapersonal, relational, gathering, hierarchical and intercultural levels of interchanges are all in plain view among the collaborators of Johnson Matthey.There are various levels inside the central station, situated in Wayne, PA. They are for the most part giving a similar item to the Oil and Gas Industry. Each level contains up to 45 representatives relying upon the office. Relational correspondence is consistently led inside each gathering with the goal that nothing ever becomes lost despite a general sense of vigilance. People are continu ally speaking with themselves because of the consistent changes in materials required, which expects them to have the option to adjust to change rapidly. The workforce here is to a great extent different, for the most part all men with degrees in The Sciences, however different foundations and instructive levels.We all work in gatherings, every office is attached to the following, along these lines requiring tight nit and close correspondence. Each office is basically similar to its own â€Å"clique†, everybody discusses the following division, and it’s sort of like noon in the cafeteria during secondary school. Contingent upon your area of expertise you can be taken a gander at as a companion or an adversary, unfortunately in my profession, it’s extremely elusive individuals who bolster you and back you up except if they are in your specialization. The lady here are exceptionally desirous of one another, they don’t like to be eclipsed, particularly by am ateurs or those of us who are younger.This sort of conduct can put a significant scratch on relational abilities. For the most part to demonstrate hatred for somebody, yet that’s still not a capable method to deal with any circumstance. Data voyages by and large one way from our client (different Oil and Gas customers) to us. There are events when we have a little state so in the genuine item yet generally it is an uneven show. We have our Regional Manager Andrew, our Offshore Manager Jim and our Operations Manager Roy. The manner in which it begins is, the activity comes into Andy, he decides whether it is an Onshore or Offshore project.If it is resolved to be seaward, it goes to Jim, he works out the schematics of faculty with Chris and myself. Any spending questions, gear needs and so on must be cleared by me and afterward run over by Roy for definite endorsement. The channel utilized is by and large email from the customer to one of the site directors. The criticism comes once the work is finished and as long as we get a first rate report, at that point we get a decent â€Å"pat on the back† from upper administration, and we proceed onward to the following venture. The elements of Y Hierarchy of administrative interchanges do exist inside this organization.Our director is constantly making and empowering a superb workplace and giving chances to representatives to step up to the plate and self-heading. The board is continually searching for new ways for representatives to make huge commitments inside the association. Social, strengthening, and possibility are the three administrative correspondence moves toward that I include saw inside the association that I as of now work for. Strengthening is the dispersion or entrustment of intensity or power to his or hers subordinates inside an organization.Generally utilized when upper administration is jobless for certain measure of time. Strengthening additionally urges the workers to get progressivel y associated with the association. The possibility approach is seen a great deal in our office. Our Operations Manager realizes that there is more than one approach to get a â€Å"A+† on our work, and whichever way delivers the best outcome with minimal measure of cash and time spent, is commonly the way that is taken. This is likely the methodology seen for the most part around the Johnson Matthey association on account of the outcomes that are produced.Behavioral approach accompanies trust and one’s individual character. Administrators have been seen trusting and regarding the workers more now than any time in recent memory due the creation that every office has put out for our customers. Character, passionate, and physical are the three potential obstructions to powerful correspondence inside Johnson Matthey, however most associations. Everybody here has their own character and that can now and then make an issue all through the business day. People are stacked with numerous qualities that make individual perspectives, approaches, angles,quirks and various perspectives on the world, and how to deal with different circumstances. There are numerous events where this attribute has slowed down correspondence between two people and for some situation hurt the general occupation being finished. Enthusiastic boundaries can by a wide margin be the most exceedingly awful thing out there, as far as correspondence in an organization. There are numerous people in my association that let things go directly to their heads and overlook that we are at the working environment. Feelings ought not be carried to work with you by any means, you ought to have the option to forget about things and proceed onward with the job.Especially close to home clashes and individual issues. Your office and your colleagues are not the spot to manage those sorts of things. Administrators are regularly observed utilizing a milder touch to break through to the people with intense subject matters. Physical obstructions are one of the most well-known around my office however. There are numerous events that we are working with a divider between associates and with correspondence being the way in to our prosperity issue will for the most part emerge on events. We have submitted questions on numerous events with similar outcomes â€Å"deal with it†.

Effects of marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Impacts of maryjane - Research Paper Example Subsequently, the paper takes a gander at these impacts as they happen on the people and society all in all. Maryjane, famously known as pot, weed or cannabis, Mary Jane, Indian hemp, pot, grass, herb, dope, and ganja positions third in the most prominently recreational medication in America. It is positioned after liquor and tobacco individually. It is, be that as it may, the most utilized of the illicit medications in America. Cannabis sativa, from whose dried leaves weed is made, develops normally in numerous moist and tropical pieces of the world. Strikingly, its utilization as a brain adjusting drug has additionally been attached to the pre-memorable social orders in Africa and Euro-Asia by archeological proof. Lately, weed use insights has been believed to raise (Mehling 8-11). By the by, as well known as it may be, there are a few impacts of weed, for example, wellbeing and social impacts. What are these wellbeing and social impacts? The paper will look at these impacts to respond to this inquiry. As indicated by the United States government overviews, in excess of 25 million Americans have smoked maryjane during the previous year. More than 14 million doing so normally disregarding the unforgiving laws against its utilization. As indicated by Hanson et al., (403), 10.1 out of 18.1 million unlawful medication clients in the United States utilized just pot in the previous month making a noteworthy 64.3 percent. In 2011, 38% of eighth graders, 82 % of the twelfth graders and 68 % of the tenth graders revealed weed as among the medications that are genuinely simple or simple to get. It shows how exceptionally open cannabis is (Maisto, Galizio and Connors 24-26). Maybe, this is energized by the way that, while it develops fiercely in certain states, hence, is effectively available to the masses, in certain states it positions among the biggest money creating crops. California delivers an expected 40% of the maryjane expended in the United States and creates about $18.8 billion in income. Weed is customarily smoked close by moved joints, in pipes,

Overview of Just Right OCD

Overview of 'Just Right' OCD OCD Types Print Just Right OCD Learn more about this subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder By Marla Deibler, PsyD facebook twitter Marla W. Deibler, PsyD, MSCP, is a licensed clinical psychologist and nationally-recognized expert in anxiety disorders and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Marla Deibler, PsyD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 02, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 BSIP / UIG / Getty Images More in OCD Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Living With OCD Related Conditions Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder that involves both obsessions (recurrent, persistent, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety or distress) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts aimed at neutralizing or reducing anxiety or distress or preventing the feared outcome).   Understanding Feared Outcomes Obsessions are unwanted private events that typically result in not only anxiety regarding the persistence of the obsession itself but also a feared catastrophic outcome.?? Feared outcomes commonly involve anticipatory anxiety regarding themes, such as being responsible for harm to oneself or to others, being defined as unethical or immoral, or imperfection. For example, obsessions regarding dirt and contamination may result in an overwhelming fear that if the dirt and contamination arent mitigated, one may become ill or unintentionally cause others to become ill. This fear becomes so overwhelming that it drives compulsions to minimize the perceived potential for harm and decrease the distress. In the case of contamination, one might choose to engage in washing or cleaning compulsions to reduce the chances that illness will occur and drastically diminish the anxiety. Just Right OCD Explained There is, however, a subtype of OCD for which a feared outcome is not the driving force. This is often referred to as “just right OCD” or “touristic OCD (TOCD).” TOCD involves compulsions such as counting, symmetry/evening up, arranging, ordering, positioning, touching, and tapping. In TOCD, theres no elaborate obsessional belief structure or feared outcome that drives these behaviors, but rather, intense somatic (physical) and/or psychological tension or discomfort, often described as something feeling incomplete or “not right.” Sometimes, the distress is heightened by a belief that unless the behavior is performed, the discomfort will be intolerable and/or infinite. The behaviors are then carried out to relieve these uncomfortable sensations. Some have postulated that this sensory-driven OCD is tic-like in nature ?and may be more distinctly characterized by an overlap between OCD and tic disorder/Tourette’s syndrome (TS).?? Expressing a Tic Tics are sudden, rapid, repetitive, nonfunctional motor behaviors (motor tics) or vocalizations (phonic tics), which are often preceded by premonitory (warning) sensations. This buildup of tension is relieved by tic expression, much like scratching an itch. Common motor tics include behaviors such as eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, and head jerking, while common phonic tics include throat clearing, sniffing, and grunting. Tics may also be complex in nature, involving a sequence of behaviors such as touching, gesturing, and repetition of words or phrases. Tourette’s syndrome involves the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more phonic tic(s) during the course of the disorder. Although once thought to be involuntary, people frequently have some control over the temporary suppression of these behaviors.?? Over a lifetime, 30 percent of people with OCD will experience a tic disorder as well, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). A 2015 study of 1,374 people with TS found that 72% also met the criteria for OCD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  (ADHD).?? Also of note, people with OCD whove had a comorbid tic disorder differ phenomenologically in terms of their OCD symptom themes, comorbidity, course, and pattern of familial transmission from those with no history of tic disorder. According to the  American Psychiatric Association, research has suggested a genetic relationship between OCD and TS as well as hypothesized a shared neurobiological underpinning.?? The upshot: TOCD or “just right” OCD symptoms seem to be a possible intertwining of the two disorders. The Difference Between Tics and OCD From a clinical perspective, the distinction between OCD and tics can be challenging to determine. For example, a repeated touching behavior may be viewed as tic behavior because of its brief, non-purposeful nature; however, this may be indistinguishable from OCD in that it may be seen as repetitive behavior carried out until it feels “right.” Such distinction, however, may be important for clinical decision-making. Whereas the evidence-based treatments for OCD are cognitive behavioral therapyâ€"particularly exposure and response prevention (EX/RP)â€"and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the evidence-based treatments for tic disorders are cognitive behavioral therapy, specifically habit reversal training (also known as, cognitive behavioral intervention for tics [CBIT]), and neuroleptic and alpha-2 agonists.?? TOCD can be more challenging to treat than “classic” OCD. So considering it as a phenomenon existing in an overlap of these two disorders may not only draw attention to the need to comprehensively assess for all possible behaviors in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, it may also make more treatment options available. Psychotherapeutically, these symptoms are typically treated with EX/RP, as well as the practice of engaging in “just wrong” behavior. Added elements of HRT/CBIT, such as sensory-substitution strategies and diaphragmatic breathing, are also helpful in reducing localized tension.?? Pharmacologically, these people may be more likely to benefit from low-dose neuroleptic or alpha-2 agonist augmentation of SSRIs than typical OCD presentations. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Mistakes in College Applications

Mistakes in College Applications November 20, 2013 Do proofread your essays. Dont have Mommy and Daddy call admissions officers. And dont be trite in your essays. Our Founder, Bev Taylor, was recently featured in an article in AM New York about tips for avoiding mistakes in college applications. In the article on college applications, the writer, Lambeth Hochwald, tells high school seniors to let the admissions committee get to know you. Its very true. Your application and your college admissions essays should shed insight into who you are and what youre all about. Hochwald also recommends that high school seniors tailor each of their applications. Do you know how many students essentially submit the same essay to various colleges? You really dont think an admissions office is astute enough to recognize that when you write Duke has a beautiful campus, you likely used that same exact line for Northwestern? And Middlebury, Dartmouth, Cornell, and Harvard. Of course youve got to tailor each part of the application for the individual college. Hochwald also recommends that students dont write essays that are full of trite statement after trite statement. Its amazing how many college admissions essays are utterly trite when you break them down by the numbers. Wed venture to say that upwards of 90% of them are trite. And that would be on the low end. Its probably more like 99%. High school seniors just dont seem to understand that which is trite. Its something we teach them during our process. And your college admissions essays shouldnt be a downer either. Says Bev in the piece, Also, you dont want the admission person to feel down by reading your essay. Your essay can be the tipping point to getting into a college, so say who you are and make the most of it. Hochwald also offers the tips of dont forget to proofread. No kidding. Submitting college admissions essays filled with grammatical errors and typos is a very bad idea. And Hochwald implores students not to have their parents contact admissions officers on your behalf. Mommy and Daddy should not be reaching out to admissions officers! Oy vey. Avoid these mistakes in college applications at all cost.

Using Verb Tenses in Chinese

Western languages such as English have several ways to express tense. The most common are verb conjunctions which change the form of the verb depending on the time frame. For example, the English verb eat can be changed to ate for past actions and eating for current actions. Mandarin Chinese does not have any verb conjugations. All verbs have a single form. For example, the verb for eat is Ã¥ Æ' (chÄ «), which can be used for the past, present, and future. Despite the lack of Mandarin verb conjugations, there are other ways to express timeframes in Mandarin Chinese. State the Date The simplest way to  clarify which tense you are speaking in is to directly state the time expression (like today, tomorrow, yesterday) as part of the sentence. In Chinese, this is usually at the beginning of the sentence. For example: æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ Æ'è ± ¬Ã¨â€šâ€°Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦Ëœ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ Æ'çÅ' ªÃ¨â€šâ€°Ã£â‚¬â€šZuà ³tiÄ n wÇ’ chÄ « zhÃ… « rà ²u.Yesterday I ate pork. Once the timeframe is established, it is understood and can be omitted from the rest of the conversation. Completed Actions The particle ä ºâ€  (le) is used to indicate that an action occurred in the past and has been completed. Like the time expression, it can be omitted once the timeframe has been established: (æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©)我å Æ'è ± ¬Ã¨â€šâ€°Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€š(æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©)我å Æ'çÅ' ªÃ¨â€šâ€°Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€š(Zuà ³tiÄ n) wÇ’ chÄ « zhÃ… « rà ²u le.(Yesterday) I ate pork. The particle ä ºâ€  (le) can also be used for the immediate future, so be careful of its usage and be sure to understand both functions. Past Experience When you have done something in the past, this action can be described with the verb-suffix  Ã© Å½ / è ¿â€¡ (guà ²). For example, if you want to say that you have already seen the movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (è‡ ¥Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾ /Ã¥  §Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾â„¢ - wà ² hÇ” cà ¡ng long), you can say: 我å · ²Ã§ ¶â€œÃ§Å"‹é Å½Ã¨â€¡ ¥Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾ Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ · ²Ã§ » Ã§Å"‹è ¿â€¡Ã¥  §Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾â„¢WÇ’ yÇ jÄ «ng kà  n guà ² wà ² hÇ” cà ¡ng long. Unlike the particle ä ºâ€  (le), the verb suffix guà ² (é Å½ / è ¿â€¡) is used to talk about an unspecific past. If you want to say that you saw the movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon yesterday, you would say: æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å"‹è‡ ¥Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾ Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¦Ëœ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å"‹å  §Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾â„¢Ã¤ ºâ€ Zuà ³tiÄ n wÇ’ kà  n wà ² hÇ” cà ¡ng là ³ng le. Completed Actions In The Future As mentioned above, the particle ä ºâ€  (le) can be used for the future as well as the past. When used with a time expression such as 明å ¤ © (mà ­ngtÄ «an - tomorrow), the meaning is similar to the English perfective. Take for instance: 明å ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ° ±Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥  °Ã¥Å'â€"ä ºâ€ Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ° ±Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥  °Ã¥Å'â€"ä ºâ€ Mà ­ngtiÄ n wÇ’ jià ¹ huà ¬ qà ¹ Tà ¡ibÄ›i le.Tomorrow I will have gone to Taipei. The near future is expressed with the combination of the particles è ¦  (yà  o - to intend); Ã¥ ° ± (jià ¹ - right away); or Ã¥ ¿ « (kuà  i - soon) with the particle ä ºâ€  (le): 我è ¦ Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥  °Ã¥Å'â€"ä ºâ€ WÇ’ yà  o qà ¹ Tà ¡ibÄ›i le.Im just going to Taipei. Continuing Actions When an action is continuing to the present moment, the expressions æ ­ £Ã¥Å" ¨ (zhà ¨ngzà  i), æ ­ £ (zhà ¨ng) or Ã¥Å" ¨ (zà  i) can be used, along with the particle å‘ ¢ (ne) at the end of the sentence. This can look something like: 我æ ­ £Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ zhà ¨ngzà  i chÄ «fà  n ne.I am eating. or 我æ ­ £Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ zhà ¨ng chÄ «fà  n ne.I am eating. or 我åÅ" ¨Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ zà  i chÄ «fà  n ne.I am eating. or 我å Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ chÄ «fà  n ne.I am eating. The continuative action phrase is negated with æ ² ¡ (mà ©i), and æ ­ £Ã¥Å" ¨ (zhà ¨ngzà  i) is omitted. The å‘ ¢ (ne), however, remains. For example: 我æ ² ¡Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ mà ©i chÄ «fà  n ne.I am not eating. Mandarin Chinese Tenses It is often said that Mandarin Chinese does not have any tenses. If tenses mean verb conjugation, this is true, since verbs in Chinese have an unchangeable form. However, as we can see in the above examples, there are many ways to express timeframes in Mandarin Chinese. The main difference in terms of grammar between Mandarin Chinese and European languages is that once a timeframe has been established in Mandarin Chinese, there is no longer any need for precision. This means sentences are constructed in simple forms without verb endings or other qualifiers. When talking to a native Mandarin Chinese speaker, Westerners may get confused with this lack of continuous precision. But this confusion arises from the comparison between English (and other Western languages) and Mandarin Chinese. Western languages require subject/verb agreements, without which the language will be glaringly wrong. Compare this with Mandarin Chinese, in which a simple statement can be in any timeframe, or express a question, or be an answer.

Positive Psychology A Brief History, Critics,...

Running Head: APPLICATIONS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 3 Positive Psychology: A Brief History, Methodology, and Application 1. Introduction 1.1. A Brief History The genealogy of positive psychology established its roots in the development of humanistic psychology in the mid-20th century. The more traditional approaches of modern psychology as developed by Freud and B. F. Skinner, respectively, are psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. One theory may suggest that the shift of the American labor movement from an industrial-based to a cognitive-cultural economy created the need for a more capable worker. As manufacturing and factory-style work diminished, sectors such as business, financial and personal†¦show more content†¦The field of positive psychology has greatly expanded the conversation regarding positive experiences, relationships and social systems. Increasingly, psychologists are including a focus on treatment which recognizes a person’s strengths, talents, and abilities comparably with their mental weaknesses and inadequacies. 2. Scientific Approach Research has greatly increased in scope and construct, creating a wide array of experimentation. According to Positive Psychology UK (2013), the goal of positive psychology â€Å"is to bring solid empirical research in areas such as well-being, flow, personal strengths, wisdom, creativity, psychological health, and characteristics of positive groups and institutions.† The research of positive psychology is produced on three principle levels – the individual level, the subjective level, and the group level. The focus of the subjective level is mainly concerned with the measurement of positive experiences such as well-being, happiness, optimism, flow, and joy. At the individual level, the objective is to identify and measure positive human traits and qualities which demonstrate a ‘life of quality’, as, for example, necessary attributes of a ‘good person’. The group level emphasizes the macro-scale of social paradigms.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Theory Paper4363 Words   |  18 PagesSpirituality in Counseling Lynn C. Ball Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary May 8, 2015 Abstract I stumbled through the first thirty-eight years of life attempting to mask the hurts caused by myself and others. I was my own worst critic fueled by raging addictions and chaos; searching to find a perfection that could never be achieved. Life was a hurricane of madness and at the center of that storm was the Father waiting for me to give Him my whole heart. The purpose of this paperRead MoreEffects of Computer Games in Students3968 Words   |  16 PagesThe first reason that teenagers play computer games too much is very simple, because computer games are very fun. Computer games’ aims focus on to relieve stress. Therefore, computer games are very splendid violent content. There has long been the brief that violent content may teach violent behavior† â€Å"Mind and Media†. Moreover, Barrie Gunter asserted, â€Å"Extrapolating †¦ from playing computer or video games with violent themes, such as heightening of perceptions risk or danger in the real world,â €  â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pagesboth qualitative and quantitative methods, including case studies, survey research, statistical analysis, and model building among others. History of Sociology Sociology is a relatively new academic discipline among other social sciences including economics, political science, anthropology, history, and psychology. The ideas behind it, however, have a long history and can trace their origins to a mixture of common human knowledge and philosophy. Sociology as a scientific discipline emerged in the earlyRead MoreTrait, Skills, and Situational Leadership Approaches: a Comparative Examination7410 Words   |  30 Pagesis most associated with the Trait theory of leadership through his famous lecture, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History, in which he reflected upon history as giving the world the benefit of heroes, giving detailed analysis of the influence of several such men, including Muhammad, Shakespeare, Luther, Rousseau, and Napoleon. Carlyle believed that these individuals shaped history through both their personal attributes and inspiration and felt that by examining the lives led by such heroes, oneRead MoreIntegrated Management Pro ject: Nokia Corporation Case Study11244 Words   |  45 Pagesï » ¿Integrated Management Nokia Corporation Contents TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc337725744 Section A PAGEREF _Toc337725744 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc337725745 Brief background to the company and its industry PAGEREF _Toc337725745 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc337725746 Statement of the Issues Identified PAGEREF _Toc337725746 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc337725747 Factors Contributing To These Issues PAGEREF _Toc337725747 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc337725748 Human Resources PAGEREF _Toc337725748 h 7 HYPERLINKRead MoreBig five Personality Traits7561 Words   |  31 Pages------------------------------------------------- Big Five personality traits From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In  psychology, the  Big Five personality traits  are five broad domains or dimensions of  personality  that are used to describe human personality. The theory based on the Big Five factors is called the  Five Factor Model  (FFM)[1]  The Big Five factors are  openness,  conscientiousness,  extraversion,  agreeableness, and  neuroticism. The Big five has been preferably used, since it is ableRead MoreEssay about The Role of Science, Ethics, and Faith in Modern Philosophy3606 Words   |  15 Pagesethics and faith. A central question arises: What can philosophy contribute to the emerging dialogue between science and theology? The emerging science-theology dialogue is characterized by complexity and considerable confusion regarding proper methodologies, goals, and possible interactions. There are at least three major schools, models, or approaches to science-religion interfaces: (1) complete separation: no dialogue; (2) complementarity; and (3) fusion: theistic science or even a new naturalRead MorePhilosophical Implications of Cultural Relativism4081 Words   |  17 Pagesorder to understand other culture in its own perspective. 3. Logical analysis to evaluate the principle for it integrity. 4. Critical role in the 20th century postmodern cultural movement with reference to culture, language and social justice. 5. Positive role in contemporary global politics to bring tolerance, harmony and peace in very complex multicultural world in order to solve disputes among different countries and nations. Finally It is together different ideas related to cultural relativismRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 PagesI.)? 2. How does this theory differ from the traditional definition of intelligence? 3. What do multiple intelligences have to do with my classroom? 4. How has M.I. theory developed since it was introduced in 1983? 5. Who are the critics of this theory and what do they say? 6. What are some benefits of using the multiple intelligences approach in my school? 7. How can applying M.I. theory help students learn better? 8. How can I find out more about M.I. theory? PART Read MoreA Case Study of Performance Appraisal26392 Words   |  106 Pagesgap between expectations and experiences lay in the current system, with respondents particularly concerned about the lack of training and over-simplistic documentation. Non-measurement of competencies was also a concern. Respondents were generally positive about recent experiences of appraisal. The findings suggest that motivated managers have made the system work for them, despite concerns about process, and respondents believe fairness is generally achieved. More attention is required to appraise

Geography of Australia History, Government, Climate

Australia  is a country in the Southern Hemisphere, south of Asia, near Indonesia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. It is an island nation that comprises the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and some other small islands. Australia is considered a developed nation, and it has the worlds 12th-largest economy and sixth-highest per-capita income. It is known for a high life expectancy, its education, quality of life, biodiversity, and tourism. Fast Facts: Australia Official Name: Commonwealth of AustraliaCapital: CanberraPopulation: 23,470,145  (2018)Official Language: EnglishCurrency: Australian dollars (AUD)Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy (Federal Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realmClimate: Generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in northTotal Area: 2,988,902 square miles (7,741,220 square kilometers)Highest Point: Mount Kosciuszko at 7,310 feet (2,228 meters)Lowest Point: Lake Eyre -49 feet (-15 meters) History Due to its isolation from the rest of the world, Australia was an uninhabited island until about 60,000 years ago. At that time, it is believed that people from Indonesia developed boats that were able to carry them across the Timor Sea, which was lower  in sea level  at the time. Europeans did not discover Australia until 1770  when  Captain James Cook  mapped the islands east coast and claimed the land for  Great Britain. On January 26, 1788, colonization of Australia began when Captain Arthur Phillip landed in Port Jackson, which later became Sydney. On February 7, he issued a proclamation that established the colony of New South Wales. Most of the first settlers in Australia were convicts who had been transported there from England. In 1868 the movement of prisoners to Australia ended, but shortly before that, in 1851, gold had been discovered there, which significantly increased its population and helped grow its economy. Following the establishment of New South Wales in 1788, five more colonies were founded by the  mid-1800s. They were: Tasmania in 1825Western Australia in 1829South Australia in 1836Victoria in 1851Queensland in 1859 In 1901, Australia became a nation but remained a member of the  British Commonwealth. In 1911, Australias Northern Territory became a part of the Commonwealth (prior control was by South Australia.) In 1911, Australias Capital Territory (where Canberra is located today) was formally established, and in 1927, the seat of government was transferred from Melbourne to Canberra. On October 9, 1942, Australia and Great Britain ratified the  Statute of Westminster,  which began to formally establish the countrys independence. In 1986, The Australia Act furthered the cause. Government Australia, now officially called the Commonwealth of Australia, is a federal parliamentary democracy and a  Commonwealth realm. It has an executive branch with  Queen Elizabeth II  as the Chief of State as well as a separate prime minister as head of government. The legislative branch is a  bicameral Federal Parliament  consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The countrys judicial system is based on English common law and is composed of the High Court as well as lower-level federal, state, and territorial courts. Economics and Land Use Australia has a strong economy due to its extensive natural resources, well-developed industry, and tourism. The main industries in Australia are mining (such as coal and natural gas), industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, and steel manufacturing. Agriculture also plays a role in the countrys economy, and its main products include wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits, cattle, sheep,  and poultry. Geography, Climate, and Biodiversity Australia is located in  Oceania  between the Indian and  South Pacific Oceans.  Although it is a large country, its topography is not too varied, and most of it consists of  low  desert plateau. The southeast, however, does have fertile plains. Australias climate is mostly arid to semiarid, but the south and east are temperate and the north is tropical. Although most of Australia is arid desert, it supports a wide range of habitats, thus making it incredibly biodiverse. Alpine forests,  tropical rainforests, and a wide variety of plants and animals thrive there because of its geographic isolation from the rest of the world. As such, 92% of its vascular plants, 87% of its mammals, 93% of its reptiles, 94% of its frogs, and 45% of its birds are endemic to Australia. It also has the greatest number of reptile species in the world as well as some of the most venomous snakes and other dangerous creatures like the crocodile. Australia is most famous for its marsupial species, which include the kangaroo,  koala,  and wombat. In its waters, around 89% of Australias fish species both inland and offshore are restricted only to the country. In addition, endangered  coral reefs  are common on Australias coast—the most famous of these is the  Great Barrier Reef. The  Great Barrier Reef  is the worlds largest coral reef system and it stretches over an area of 133,000 square miles (344,400  square kilometers.) It is made up of more than 3,000 individual reef systems and coral bays and supports more than 1,500 species of fish, 400 species of hard coral, one-third of the world’s soft corals, 134 species of sharks and rays, six of the world’s seven species of threatened marine turtles, and more than 30 species of marine mammals, including endangered species, according to the World Wildlife Fund.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay - 1901 Words

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), triggered by exposure to a traumatic event, is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent nightmares or flashbacks, avoiding reminders/recounting the event, distorted mental processes or emotional numbing, and a persistently high state of arousal and reactivity (Institute of Medicine , 2014). While this mental disorder does appear in society as a whole, its prevalence in the U.S. military is cause for concern. Cited as the â€Å"most commonly identified psychological clinical disorder stemming from the war† (PTSD May Be Greatest Injury of War Today, 2008), in 2012, 5.2% of all service members were diagnosed with PTSD, while 8.0% of all previously deployed service members received the diagnosis (Institute of Medicine , 2014). Experiencing trauma caused by combat exposure is a relatively normal occurrence within today’s military. Nonetheless, not all soldiers will be diagnosed with or experience the side effects of PTSD. P hysicians are unsure why some individuals develop PTSD over others; however, it is believed that a mix of interrelated elements can increase the probability that exposure to a traumatic event will result in the disorder, such as inherited mental health risks and personality factors, previous life experiences and an individual’s unique chemical response(s) to stress (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Due to its prevalence in the military community, human service professionals (HSPs) should expect to come in contact withShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course itRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1241 Words   |  5 Pages Stanley Health April 14, 2014 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stressed disorder is a mental illness caused by an enormous amount of anxiety felt after a traumatic or life-threatening accident or event. This event causes intense feelings of fear and helplessness. Studies have shown that about 5 to 6 million people suffer from PTSD. (Thomas ) About 30% of those people are war veterans. Most war veterans who have served for our country who have PTSD from the war are homeless. About

Physiology †Rabbit Ileum Free Essays

The isolated intestinal smooth muscle preparation is one of the classical preparations in physiology and pharmacology for bioassays, or the study of drug action and autonomic control of motility. This preparation is included in many â€Å"in-house† laboratory manuals of various colleges and universities around North America, and in some commercially prepared manuals deal ing with physiology and pharmacology (e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Physiology – Rabbit Ileum or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nicpon-Marieb, 1981). Basically, the method presented in this report is a modification of the original Finkleman preparation (Finkleman, 1930) for the study of the autonomic control of intestinal motility. What is different about our approach is the method of mounting the preparation and the method of stimulation of the sympathetic nerve. The classic way of mounting the piece of intestine is to suspend it vertically in a muscle bath between an aeration tube and a recording lever. The problems with this technique are (1) stress placed on the intestine when the chamber is emptied during the process of changing solutions, and (2) difficulty in stimulating the sympathetic nerve due to the fact that the preparation is totally submerged in a physiological saline solution. We have overcome these problems by mounting the segments of gut horizontally in a shallow muscle bath. As a result, less stress is placed on the intestine during changeover of solutions, and it is easier to manipulate and to stimulate the sympathetic nerve contained within the mesentery. Also students find i t much easier to mount the preparation in the horizontal bath and are less likely to stretch the muscle preparation in the process. With these modifications we have improved the student success rate from 50-60% to 90-100%. Large recordings of the muscle contraction, such as those shown in Appendix A, are easily obtainable using a kymograph and simple lever system. In fact, another advantage of this exercise is that it does not require expensive recording equipment. How to cite Physiology – Rabbit Ileum, Essay examples

Safety Rule Management for Regulatory Burden †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Safety Rule Management for Regulatory Burden. Answer: Introduction The Australian Government established Safe Work Australia in 2008, which is an Australian government statutory body, and which focuses on developing national policy related to workers compensation and the regulation of the Work Health and Safety Act (WHS) (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, 2017). The purpose of this report is to understand the roles and responsibilities of an officer of an organization and due diligence described under the section 27 of the Work Health and Safety Act, Australia. The chosen organization is KFC. An interview with KFC officer has been conducted. The report will review the Safe Work Australia website for understanding the roles and responsibilities of an officer, the six due diligence that an officer must follow and the definition of an officer according to the Work Health and Safety Act model. However, for maturing the purpose of this report, an interview with KFC officer has been conducted. The method includes asking for one question to the officer in the application of the each responsibility out of the six responsibilities of the designation mentioned in Due Diligence of the legislative act. Then, the report will show the results based on the interview and search recommendations to scopes to develop strategies for effective leadership. Review on the Safe Work Australia Safe Work Australia demonstrates the duties and responsibilities of an officer described in section 27 of the Work Health and Safety Act, Australia. According to the act, an officer should have responsibilities for his employees to ensure that the legislative act is applying properly. The officer is he whose decision influences the resources that have the capacity to allow the purposes of the Work Health and Safety norms (Australia, 2012). However, the Act places duty and responsibility on an officer to practice due diligence of any business operation. The officers should take logical steps that would ensure a healthy and safe work culture. An officer would ensure its workers and the organizational structure that the law has acted properly and the organization are efficient enough to manage the hazards related to the Work Health and Safety (Matsuura, 2016). The section 27 of the Work Health and Safety Act has provided the Health and Safety duty that an officer should follow to exercise the Due Diligence. Due Diligence is a corporate law that allows an officer to do some steps to follow it in his company (Lawrence, 2013). The officer should be up-to-date about the knowledge of the Work Health and Safety related matters. The officers should have an understanding of the nature of the business operation and the risks and hazards associated with it. The officer should also have an understanding of what is required for ensuring the health and safety legislation. An officer should ensure the process and the resources that eliminate the risks associated with the act. He should also ensure it that the rule is being followed properly (Zanko Dawson, 2012). The officer should have known about the appropriate processes that will allow him to receive information about the incident, hazards, risks related to Work Health and Safety and the necessary requirement to manage the risks. The officer should have known about his obligations that include proper reporting about the notifiable incidents that typically means serious infectious disease, consulting with the workers. The officer should sign an agreement that allows issues to act under the Work Health and Safety Act (. The officer should arrange training and provide instruction to the workers regarding work health and safety matters. Even the officer should be aware of whether the health and safety representative receives their entitlements to the training program (Stewart, 2013). Review of the Who is an Officer under the model Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act The section 4 of the model Work Health and Safety Act elucidate a definition of an officer of a corporation, partnership or unincorporated association. The definition has been stated in section 9 under the Commonwealth Corporations Act 2001 (Australia, 2015). An officer could also mean a director or secretary of a corporation. Otherwise, an officer means the person who participates in the decision-making process that would affect directly or partly on the business operation. An officer is able to influence effectively on the corporations financial framework (Reese, 2015). The directors use to follow the instructions of officers. The officer also could be a receiver and a manager who handles the property of the corporation. The officer sometimes also could be an administrator who instructs on the business operation. The definition according to The Corporation Act provides a similar definition of an officer for a partnership business or unincorporated association. For enquiring the due diligence of the other organization such as KFC, an interview method has been conducted. For conducting an interview with the officer of the KFC, minimum one question about the responsibilities in due diligence of the officer of that organization has been asked. The single interview question is picked and selected from each of the six responsibilities of an officer described under section 27 of the Work Health and Safety Act. The interview has been conducted for determining whether KFC acts according to the Work Health and Safety Act or not. Based on the answers from the officer of the KFC, another set of questions would be asked about what he is thinking that would help him to follow the Act and the process, which he would follow for commanding over his workers to follow the Act. The interview will also put emphasis on the process, which the organization is following in response to due diligence, and how the organization has reached in the process about the con cept of the due diligence. The results are based on the interview with an officer of the KFC organization that has been conducted for reaching the necessary understanding about the due diligence that the organization KFC is following or not. The results would be based on the interview. The interview will also provide the comparison between the Due Diligence of the officer of the KFC with the expectations of due diligence of the Australia law. The result is showing that the organization KFC is not properly following the due diligence process. The officer of the KFC stated that he is aware of the due diligence with health and safety obligations and the organization is following it. The work system is safe and it tries actively to monitor the health and safety management of the organization. According to the officer of the KFC, he is up-to-date of the health and safety matters at work. His organization takes necessary steps for minimizing the risks and the hazards and also the organization develops some strategies and necessary processes that will eliminate the hazards or the risks related to health and safety from the organization. However, the organization could not arrange any training program that would help the workers of the organization about work health and safety norms. Even, the organization could not have any structure that will provide training programs to the workers. They do not have any health and safety repre sentatives. According to the officers view, the due diligence is partly followed by this organization. However, the officer stated that the organization has some planning to start the training program soon and for fulfilling that, the training program has been structured and developed. The organization would appoint some representatives also. The officer admitted that there is a lack of communication between the authority and the workers about the Work Health and Safety matters. However, the organization has taken strategy (the training program) that would help to eradicate the communication problem. Recommendations It is recommended to the organization KFC to follow strictly all the six due diligence under the section 27 of the Work Health and Safety Act, Australia for maintaining the health and safety matters at the workplace. Due diligence is the officers duty and responsibility of an organization that should be exercised efficiently. The organization KFC is lacking to fulfil all the due diligence mentioned in the Act. It is suggested to the organization to employ a training program that would enable the workers of the organization to develop an idea about the Work Health and Safety Act and the matters associated with it (Hale, Borys Adams, 2015). The organization should organize an effective training program that would allow the workers to develop an idea about the work health and safety norms. The training program should be developed methodically and the officer should pay attention to individual worker and the knowledge they have gathered from the training program (Robson et al., 2012). Conclusion It can be concluded that the officer of any organization of Australia must exercise the Due Diligence and the legislative orders in the organization to avoid hazards related to the Work Health and Safety Act. The chosen organization should provide all the aspects of the law to its workers and the organization should develop strategies to manage hazards related to health and safety matters in the workplace. It is recommended that the chosen organization should reinforce strategies for the fullest application of the Act. References Australia, S. W. (2012).Australian work health and safety strategy 2012-2022: Healthy, safe and productive working lives. Safe Work Australia. Australia, S. W. (2015). Managing the Risks of Falls at Workplaces: Code of Practice. Safe Work Australia. Hale, A., Borys, D., Adams, M. (2015). Safety regulation: the lessons of workplace safety rule management for managing the regulatory burden. Safety science, 71, 112-122. Lawrence, G. M. (2013). Due Diligence in Business Transactions. Law Journal Press. Matsuura, H. (2016). Occupational Health and Safety. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Reese, C. D. (2015). Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. Robson, L. S., Stephenson, C. M., Schulte, P. A., Amick III, B. C., Irvin, E. L., Eggerth, D. E., ... Peters, R. H. (2012). A systematic review of the effectiveness of occupational health and safety training. Scandinavian journal of work, environment health, 193-208. Safeworkaustralia.gov.au. (2017).Home.Safe Work Australia. Retrieved 23 September 2017, from https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au Stewart, A. (2013). Stewart's guide to employment law (Vol. 3). Sydney: Federation Press. Zanko, M., Dawson, P. (2012). Occupational health and safety management in organizations: A review.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(3), 328-344.

Read chapters 8

Read chapters 8-11 of Oliver Twist Essay Read chapters 8-11 of Oliver Twist describing Olivers arrival in London and his early adventures with Fagin and his gang. How does Dickens make Olivers adventures memorable for his readers?  In this essay I am going to study the story of Oliver Twist and write about how Charles Dickens makes Olivers adventures with Fagin and his gang memorable for his readers. Dickens uses language to manipulate his readers feelings. Dickens loved the theatre and knew he could get an audience very involved by producing strong, exaggerated feelings. He uses a lot of emotive language in his story e.g. The story of Oliver Twist was written by Charles John Huffam Dickens. Charles Dickens was born on Friday 7th February 1812 at Portsmouth. He was middle lower class. His father was jailed for debt and with no one to maintain him; he was sent to work in a blacking factory. The labour force included urchins and rough working class boys; here he was forced to accept the reality of poverty.  The story of Oliver Twist is about a young boy and the story teaches the reader about the 19th century, it teaches the reader about the divisions of upper and lower classes. It teaches about how children are treated in those days and the conditions of the workhouses they are sent to work in from such young ages. It teaches you about life on the streets on London at that time. The story follows a little boy. Oliver is starved and lives on gruel; his friends decide to dare him. Oliver asks the Beadle for more and for this offence, he is removed from the workhouse and apprenticed to Mr. Sowerberry, an undertaker. Here, he meets a boy called Noah Claypole who teases Oliver. Oliver attacks Noah because of insults about his mother. Oliver runs away leaving behind the boys he grew up with and the only life he had ever known. Oliver walks to London in 7 days! When Oliver arrives in London he meets a young lad called John Dawkins, who is referred to as a charming, young gentleman. John Dawkins and is also known as the Artful Dodger. The Dodger picks him off the street and takes him to Fagin his boss. He tells Oliver he knows a place where he can stay without any lodgings and will be fed and watered. He says I know a spectable old genelman as lives there, wotll give you lodgings for nothink As they are walking through the streets of London, Dickens describes the surroundings and the path they took. This looks as if its been written by first hand experience, e.g. They crossed from the Angel into St Johns Road; struck down the small street which terminates at Sadlers Wells Theatre It is as if Charles Dickens grew up in London and remembers them very well, and is describing what he remembered of the streets of London. In this description of London he uses the sense of sight when he talks about how the states of the streets look e.g. A dirtier or more wretched place he had never seen. The street was very narrow and muddy these words can create different thoughts and images in our mind, the words he uses sets the scene as dull and ugly and not a very nice place.  Also he uses the sense of smell e.g. and the air was impregnated with filthy odours. Dickens uses this to make an impression that the air is filled with horrible smells such as rotting and decay and pollution. He uses the sense of sound e.g. heaps of children, who, even at that time of night, were crawling in and out of doors, or screaming from the inside.  There are social abuses in this such as and from several of the door-ways, great ill-looking fellows were cautiously emerging, bound, to all appearance, on no very well-disposed or harmless errands, which basically means people going out and doing no good and causing a nuisance, often getting drunk as well which at this time would have been appalling towards the upper class especially as it was very un lady like to get drunk at that time. .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 , .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .postImageUrl , .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 , .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539:hover , .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539:visited , .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539:active { border:0!important; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539:active , .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539 .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u428f0876a45b5783804363d9dc18f539:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 12 Angry Man By Reginald Rose EssayDickens makes this seem that the description is through Olivers eyes by saying at the beginning Although Oliver had enough to occupy his attention in keeping sight of his leader, he could not help bestowing a few hasty glances on either side of the way as he passed along. This makes it sound like Oliver is describing the streets of London as hes walking through.  Dickens uses emotive language to make it clear he feels strongly about the state of London, he uses negative descriptions of London to say its not a very nice place e.g. A dirtier more wretched place he had never seen and air was impregnated with filthy odours. Also he says whe re drunken men and woman were positively wallowing in filth. He has a good use of adjectives; the words underlined dont seem very nice describing words and makes us feel uncomfortable.

Visual Art Chapter 14-17 Flashcard

Visual Art Chapter 14-17

Nigerian English - Culture and Language of Nigeria

Nigerian English - Culture and Language of Nigeria The varieties of the English language that are used in the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa. English is the official language of Nigeria, a former British protectorate. English (especially the variety known as Nigerian Pidgin English) functions as a lingua franca in this multilingual country. Examples and Observations: The spectrum of English in Nigeria ranges from Standard English through a more general English whose structures are influenced by the mother tongues, by the Indian English of many traders and teachers, and by WAPE [West African Pidgin English], which is sometimes acquired as a mother tongue in such urban areas as Calabar and Port Harcourt, usually along with one or more local languages. Its many forms reflect both mother tongue and WAPE influence. Although a number of Pidgin dictionaries have been compiled, it has not yet been standardized. Pidgin has been used in prose by many writers, including Chinua Achebe, as a vehicle for poetry by Frank Aig-Imoukhuede, and for drama by Ola Rotimi.(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford Univ. Press, 2002)[M.A.] Adekunle (1974) attributes all of standard Nigerian Englishs Nigerian usages in lexis and syntax to interference from the mother tongue. It is quite easy to show that while some usages can be so attributed, the vast majo rity, at least in Educated Nigerian English, arise from the normal process of language development involving a narrowing or extension of meaning or the creation of new idioms. Most such usages cut across all first-language backgrounds. For example, when travel is used in the sense to be away, as in My father has traveled ( My father is away), it is not a transfer of a first-language expression into English, but a modification of the verb to travel.   Ã‚  (Ayo Bamgbose, Identifying Nigerian Uses in Nigerian English. English: History, Diversity, and Change, ed. by David Graddol, Dick Leith, and Joan Swann. Routledge, 1996) Nigerian Pidgin English [Pidgin English], it can be argued, has had a much more important function than English in Nigeria, at least in the southern provinces, since about 1860. The number of its speakers, the frequency of its uses and the range of its functions have been expanding ever since its first formation from local jargons of Antera Dukes type when the need for an interethnic lingua franca arose. Increasing social and geographical mobility have continuously added to this expansion. Whether the estimate of 30% pidgin speakers in Nigeria is a realistic figure is impossible to say.(Manfred Gà ¶rlach, Even More Englishes: Studies 1996-1997. John Benjamins, 1998) Lexical Features of Nigerian English [E.O.] Bamiro (1994: 51-64) gives the following examples of words that have developed special meanings in Nigerian English...The presence of Citroà «n and Volkswagen cars has led to the creative and witty coining of the words footroà «n and footwagen. They had to do parts of the journey by footroà «n simply means they had to walk some of the way. Other coinages include ricobay hair (a popular Nigerian hairstyle), white-white (the white shirts worn by schoolchildren), and watchnight, which means something like staying up through the night to celebrate New Years Eve or some other festival.Ellipsis is common so that he is a mental means he is a mental patient. ...Clipping, common also in Australian English, is frequent. Perms in the following example is a short or clipped form of permutations: We would not have wasted our time running after perms.(Andy Kirkpatrick, World Englishes: Implications for International Communication and English Language Teaching. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007 )Nigerian English has a whole host of what we call stereotyped phrases of salutations that would strike most native English speakers as curious at best and incomprehensible at worst. While some of these phrases are creative coinages or semantic extensions based on the socio-cultural uniqueness of Nigerian cultural expressions which the English language hasnt lexicalized, others are the products of an insufficient familiarity with the conventions and idioms of the English language.Say me well to him/her/your family, etc. Nigerians use this ungainly verbalism when they want to send expressions of goodwill to someone through another person. This uniquely Nigerian English expression would be puzzling to native speakers of the English language because it is structurally awkward, grammatically incorrect, and unidiomatic.Whatever it is, the expression has attained idiomatic status in Nigerian English and should probably be patented and exported to other parts of the English-speaking world as Nigerian linguistic invention in English.​  (Farooq A. Kperogi, Nigeria: Top 10 Peculiar Salutations in Local English. AllAfrica, November 11, 2012) Distinctive Uses of Prepositions in Nigerian English Many scholars of Nigerian English have identified the tendency to omit the preposition to in the collocation enable someone/something to do something as one of the key features of our dialect of the English language. Enable and to are indissolubly married in American English and British English; one cannot appear without the other. So where Nigerians would write or say I hereby apply for a loan to enable me buy a car, British or American English speakers would write or say I hereby apply for a loan to enable me TO buy a car.While Nigerians blithely omit prepositions when we use enable, contest, reply, etc., we gladly pluck some from the air and insert them where they are normally not used in native varieties of the English language. An example is the phrase request FOR. In American and British English request is never followed by a preposition. For example, where Nigerians would say I requested FOR a loan from my bank, native speakers of the English language would write I requested a loan from my bank.(Farooq A. Kperog, Nigeria: Prepositional and Collocational Abuse in Nigerian English. Sunday Trust [Nigeria], July 15, 2012)

Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Network Security - Essay Example Project Planning: Parameters of project planning and resources to be utilized are identified. 2. Risk Analysis and Review: The internal and external threats, to which an organization is exposed to, are identified especially risks related to the geographic location. 3. Business Impact Analysis: The critical operations of the business unit are evaluated and resources that are needed to operate them are identified. 4. Recovery Strategy: Temporary recovery guidelines are created for the business units that are exposed to the period between a predictable disaster and ready for normal operations. Alternative recovery strategies are also planned and important data and information of the business units are copied and stored in a safe location. 5. Plan development: Right people to conduct the recovery operation are identified and methods to notify these people are established. Methods to evaluate the operational impact and recovery activation are also determined. Steps to minimize the risks a nd the restoration of the system to normal after attack are also created. A Business Continuity Plan is the milestone of this phase. 6. Training: The employees that were identified to be involved in the recovery process are made to understand the BCP. 7. Testing: A fake situation is created to test the BCP and evaluate it to ensure its working. 8. Maintenance: The plan is updated on a frequent basis with change in business. (Heng, 2004, p. 2). Part 3 A Disaster Recovery Planning is a planning that results in a document called the Disaster Recover Plan which â€Å"explores how a network recovers from a disaster that could either damage its data or hinder and stop its functioning. An organization’s financial auditors need this document as a company’s... A large corporation is supposed to have a large volume of data and information that needs to be protected from any kind of theft and any kind of loss due to natural disasters. This essay follows and discusses the ways such corporation are using to increase their network security. A large corporations should implement device security: physical and logical, that are described in the essay. Physical device security implies the placing of a copy of the original device in a location where it is safe from malicious attackers. However, logical security protects the device from non-physical attacks. This essay also refers to some systems, that are used to establish network security and plan it's proper work. Business Continuity Planning (BCP) is discussed, that is a planning that helps to identify the internal and external threats an organization is exposed to. A Disaster Recovery Planning explores how a network recovers from a disaster that could stop its functioning. An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP), that is mentioned in the essay is an important policy defined for a network, it defines what the acceptable usage of organizational resources is. The policy defines things, that are described in details, such as: sharing of passwords among users, installation of applications, copying data, levels of privacy on use of organization’s resources and many others. The last topic that the researcher discusses is social engineering, that is a way in which human behavior is manipulated in order to acquire a desired objective, such as hacker attacks.

The Film Invictus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Film Invictus - Essay Example Right from the beginning of the film, it is clear that the subject of the process of human socialization as demonstrated in organizations, peers, and institutions apparently takes the central role in the film. It is quite evident that the film’s key focus is on apartheid. Apartheid has cut across many every organ of the government right from the institution of the president, institution of justice, institutions responsible for security, as well as other government organization that is key to delivering basic services to the country. The term apartheid was an Africaans that was commonly used to refer to a system of racial segregation that was enforced through the process of legislation by the then South African ruling party (National Party). During this period of time, the rights of the majority black South African Inhabitants were said to have been curtailed while the white supremacy was maintained. In essence, the word served as a policy of segregation, as well as political-e conomic discrimination against those who belonged to groups of non-European in the Republic of South Africa. According to this film, after Morgan Freeman gets leased from Prison and he is elected as the first black president of the South African Republic, he has many challenges following the post-Apartheid era. One thing that is quite striking to him is that to do with human socialization. Human socialization, in this case, refers to the racial divisions between the white and black South Africans who are affiliated with movements supporting racial segregation and are the cause of the day to day violence. The ill motive that the whites and the blacks hold towards each other is clearly demonstrated in the president’s security details, where the relations between the prior established white officers.

Feasibility of Online Shopping in UK Primark

Feasibility of Online Shopping in UK Primark Abstract The purpose of this research is to study the online shopping in UK clothing retail market, and how it will be helpful to the researcher to get the idea about the feasibility of Primark online shopping service. The research is divided in 5 chapters each chapter gives the reader some idea about online shopping and how it will be beneficial for the company and the consumer. Moreover, the researcher uses this chapter to explain his/her point of view by taking individual chapter. Each chapter has many sub divisions. The researcher plan her research on typical system like chapter vies start from introduction, literature review, methodology, implementation calculation and last conclusion. In this techno savvy world people are using the technology in their day to day life. Sometimes they are using directly and sometimes indirectly but now the situation is like that the person must have use the technology to make their life luxurious. The researcher writes about ecommerce, its advantages and disadvantages. In methodology, the researcher use the both type of data qualitative and quantitative. In quantitative the researcher collects both type of primary and secondary data by using interview and survey. The aim of the research is how Primark can increase its sell in this competitive market. And online shopping market is very strong in UK. Furthermore how the online shopping will be change the stores situation and what are the changes the company will get. 1. INTRODUCTION The researcher doing t CHAPTER 1 1.1. WHAT IS PRIMARK? Primark Stores Limited is an Irish clothing retailer. Its stores are located in various regions like United Kingdom, Ireland, and Spain. Within this area of responsibility, Primark stores outnumbered other clothing retailer business, with one hundred sixty one stores overall distributed in three major regions: one hundred twenty-five in the United Kingdom. The company positions itself as marketing fashionable at cutthroat prices. Primark is known for selling clothes at the budget end of the market. Its success is based on sourcing supply, making clothes with simple designs and fabrics and targets young, fashion-conscious individuals ages 35 below, offering them simple yet high quality clothes and apparels. The relevance of global trends and consumers demands on lifestyle made Primark Store Limited reinvent its business scheme and management structure. From the first penny store in Ireland to the latest flagship store in Liverpool, the Primark story has been one of continuing success founded on a unique combination and lean operations. Primark was opened their first Penney store in Mary Street Dublin in June 1969. During the one year time they added four more stores in Dublin. After continues success in Dublin, in next three year 1971, Primark opened their first store outside the Dublin in Cork and end of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland. Furthermore, in 1973, the number of stores had reached 18 in Ireland and Primark Began trading in Great Britain with four out of-town stores. The following year saw the opening of the first UK high street store in Derby and Bristol. In ten more years Primark increase the number of stores in UK and Ireland both like 18 new store added in UK and 9 stores in in Ireland. And the management also expanded the number of the stores in UK and Ireland to 22 stores each. The most innovating thing of Primark was in ten years duration from 1984 to 1994 a further Like most of the Primark stores in high street so it is beneficial to them. Primark has so many strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Like 40 years experienced retailer, reasonable price seller of clothes, eco friendly carrier bags etc. Primark has so many weaknesses, weak public relationship, leak of services, no online facility for shopping. For promotional development Primark can introduce their own store cards, Self scan area and soon. Due to competitive market Primark provide cheapest clothes to customers. Its create threat for Primark to stay in these market. LIST OF STORE LOCATION IN LONDON Basildon Kingston-Upon-Thames Basingstoke Lewisham, Bedford Leytonstone, Bexleyheath London Brighton, Luton Bromley Maidstone Camberley Margate, Chatham Norwich Crawley Oxford Croydon Peckham Dartford Reading, Ealing Romford Eastbourne Slough, Eastham Southend Gravesend Stevenage Hackney Sutton Hammersmith Thurrock Harlow Tooting Harrow Watford Hemel Hempstead Wandsworth Hounslow Wembley Ipswich Woking Kilburn, Woolwich Table 1: Field work Primark store location in London Primark stores a privately held subsidiary of Associated British Foods, Is involved in opening departmental store. It owns and operated 188 departmental stores that provide products such as women wear, children wear, menswear, footwear, accessories, The children market in Britain is worth  £4.5bn. Five years ago, Primark had a 2.8% market share. By 2006 this had risen 5.4% and in 2007 to 6.2% this now places Primark fourth in terms of market share. (Sutherland Canwall, 2008) What is e-commerce? 1.2 Aim The researcher aim to do this research to increase the volume of sales at present Primark is leading clothing retailer in UK. Furthermore according to this techno savvy world, and to compete the all competitors Primark also have to be go ahead with some new innovation with them. 1.3 Objectives 1. To explore how online shopping can benefit Primark and boost its sales. 2. To calculate, agree and plan for the necessary resources for this project 3. To investigate the market for online shopping service in the UK competitors market. 4. To identify new segment to increase the market share CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. ONLINE SHOPPING SERVICE The researcher wants to introduce new direct marketing strategy for Primark to increase the sales volume. Like other competitors, Primark does not have an online shopping facility. In this day and age of technological advancement, it becomes very essential for any organisation to establish oneself in the field of e-commerce. The researcher has found a gap in the market for such a technological need and would like to introduce a promotional strategy for the companys growth in this high tech savvy world. The e-commerce can be defined as a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery, by using Internet (Goal, 2007). According to Varley, (2006), since the start of the new millennium, shopping via a computer has moved from the something indulged by a niche market to commonplace activity amongst the population masses. Furthermore the n ew internet world provide the retail industry with a new and exciting way of enticing consumer to purchase the product from the comfort from their available place like from home, office or anywhere they can access the ‘virtual world. In fact in recent developments in personal mobile communications industry would suggest that before long we will be able to go shopping literally anywhere at any time. Since the more improvement in the online shopping service is providing more and more luxurious service day by day so the the home delivery option alongside stores as the retail industry has developed. According to Fletcher, Bell McNaughton, (2004) e-commerce involves electronically medicated exchanges with customers. According to Rosen, (2002). Electronic commerce or â€Å"e-commerce† covers the range of online business activities for products and services, both business-to-business and business-to-customers, through the Internet. E-commerce breaks into two components: On the other hand side online auction is straightforward yet revolutionary business concept. Brokage business model, auctions bring the buyers and sellers together in a virtual marketplace. ( Bidgoli, 2002)  · Online Shopping: The scope of information and activities that provides customers with the information to conduct business with you and to make informed buying decisions.  · Online Purchasing: The technology infrastructure for the exchange of data and the purchase of the product over the Internet. Online purchasing is a metaphor used in business-to-business e-commerce for providing customers with an online method of placing orders, submitting purchase orders, or requesting quotes ( Rosen, 2002) Estimates vary as to the size of the business-to-consumer e-commerce market. The International Data Corporation (IDC) estimates that the total purchases made over the web were $10 billion in 1997 and will be more than $220 billion in 2001 (Oliveria, Amorim and Vilao, 1999). These large s are put in a wider context by KPMG (1999) which reports that, â€Å"Direct sales are 5% of retail sales in the UK and 4#% in the US. Of this total, 16% US home sales and 1% of UK home sales are electronic.† Forrester Research (Tagliabue, 1999) whose 1999 research showed Selling goods and services online is also called ecommerce. Popular ecommerce Web sites include Amazon.com and eBay, yahoo shopping, etoys, the met store , smart shopper and so on. Ecommerce is not the sole province of large companies, however; many small businesses have found considerable success selling on the Internet. Like this research content the use of the technology so the researcher would like to discuss about e-commerce service, Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction, that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. The e-commerce can be defined as a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery, by using Internet (Goal, 2007). According to Forrester Research at, the European online retail market is expected to grow from Euro 40 billion in 2004 to Euro 167 billion by 2009 (Forrester, 2006) Cited in (Burdick, Coakley Richardson, 2006)). And what are the benefits of e-commerce service? But basically the people knows each and every coin has two side so when you get some benefits from the ecommerce on the other hand side you get some disadvantages of the ecommerce as well. Moreover, with the help of online shopping service people can save their time for the shopping, online shopping service is very flexible you can use it anytime. In the opposite side you cannot touch and feel it you cant get it immediately first you pass through the very long process of ordering and after some days limitation like after four days delivery or one week delivery your get you stuff. But nowadays the most of the market work with the online shopping service like all the clothing stores provide Online shopping service. For example MS, Next, Topshop, Matalan, Monsoon, and soon. These all the clothing company has very high share market value in the market and very huge turn over in the market as well. According to the issue published in The Guardian, (2007), The weather also effect the shopping from the store and the online like the number shows how much it effect the market online market sales. In July 2007, because of the wet weather the sales increased by  £4bn in a month for the first time at  £4.2bn up from  £2.3bn in July a year ago according to the Interactive Media in Retail Group (IMRG). 2.2 PRIMARK ONLINE SHOPPING SERVICE (STRATEGY) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Every new thing has its own pros and cons like online shopping service is advantageous as much as disadvantageous for the Primark. First the researcher would like to discuss the advantages of the online shopping service at Primark. According to the competitor of Primarks are MS, Matalan, Topshop, Next and so on. All of the competitors are providing very good and fast online shopping service for their customers. 2.2.1 Business Benefits According to the Rosen, (2002), by providing your customers with 24 hour-a-day,7-day-a-week (24 x 7) access to information, you can support sales, in some cases shorten the sales cycle, and cut your administrative costs, since customers have access to information when they want it. Some people believe that shown that FAQs on an online shopping site give customers a better idea of companys product and help them feel more comfortable making the decision to buy. E-commerce is a great way to get the business of these off- peak shoppers. For a very small amount of money, a company can have its â€Å"cyber-shop† open 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. Savings on customers service staff, savings on telephone operators and sales people, instant update of catalogues and prices, product targeting, active targeting , passive targeting, better overhead and inventory control, worldwide visibility, attractive option for the physically challenged (Shim, 2000). Further all the advantageous strategy for the any company who introduce their online shopping service. With the Internet reaching all corner of the world so by introducing the online shopping service Primark can be reach all around the world. Actually they can advertise themselves globally for very small price. When the online shopping service the company proved they give the all the detailed description of the products so the Primark have to be recruit the less staff for the customer service staff, telephone operators, and less sales staffs. Like the customers when makes a purchase online is one less using the companys telephone operators and salespeople. Product targeting and active targeting both are the very helpful for the company. Primark can be accomplished actively or passively on the Internet to make their any product targeting. For the company Active targeting for the product by their product targeting Product targeting is in the two different way like the Due to the further description of the 24 x 7 online shopping service is definitely very useful for the any company like MS, Next, Matalan, etc have the same selling hour like Primark but they are selling more product by providing online shopping service. Furthermore nowadays people are more busy and addicted to use the internet in their day- to- day life. The world Internet users are the 100% present day compare to the year 2000. (Internet world stats, 2009) Normally Primark is just getting the benefit of on-peak shoppers only because it does not have any online shopping service to provide their customers. With just the shopping hours the company is making very good volume of sales so think when the company launched their online shopping service it will be more beneficial for the company to increase the volume of sales. 2.2.2 Operational Management Benefits Better availability of Service which means conveniently allows customers to shop in their homes from anywhere online. More benefit of online shopping for the operational management is cost reduction in information processing like reduce the cost of processing and retrieving order and customer information. Better timeliness of service means online operations can offer customers 24-hour servicer for purchasing good and services. Initial cost of operation less expensive, basically the capital investment in e-commerce operation is considerably less than brick-and mortar operations. Improved product development by the ability to be online with research and development people from around the world can help to reduce the time-to -market for new products and the cost of their development. Improved scheduling which is help full to the business. The online ability to keep track of product or service activities allows schedulers to be more accurate and timely in scheduling and rescheduling prod uction activity, reducing costs (Heizer and Render 2001, p. 460; Laudon and Laudon 2002, pp.122-129; Kamarainen et al. 2001). 2.3 Disadvantages of online shopping service There are so many disadvantages of e commerce business for the consumers like, credit card fraud, products that Dont show well, Limit to the Market, Small companies unprepared for global selling and soon. According to Shim Anique (2000) Credit card number can be stolen by the disgruntled or criminal employee who has legitimate as well as illegitimate access to the company e-commerce system. There are so many disadvantageous of ecommerce possible capacity and bandwidth problems. Security issues are major concern for many consumers. Security issues and measures are expected to improve in coming years, through the use of media other than credit cards on the web, such as e-Wallet, e-cash and other payment systems, acceptance or digital signature, more widespread application and acceptance of encryption technology and greater awareness and understanding of customers concerns (Bidgoli, 2002b). The main disadvantageous for shoppers, in ranked order were ‘Availability; ‘Cant be in to receive delivery; ‘Premium charged for delivery; ‘Premium charged for delivery; and ‘Cant see or feel the merchandise.( Harris Dennis, 2002) 2.4 Marketing contribution to High turnover Introduce online shopping service Primark needs many promotional strategies for the promotion of new service. To attract the customers and to publish new service they need so many promotional strategies like direct marketing, Advertising, publicity, sales promotion, Exhibition and so on. Primark always focuses on low price high volume strategy to develop market. Specifically in this recession time, peoples also moves towards Primark low price value added products. To grab this opportunity they should have also low cost marketing strategy as well. In the modern world the Internet often becomes the best medium to communicate and search things around. As all competitors have Online shopping strategy they can easily grab the markets. Online shopping strategy helps to advertising the companys product. As a result of peoples awareness about internet and the young age groups tech savvy attitude, they can search their products, compare with others to make their orders online easily. 2.5 Market Share Value of Primark At present Primark is number one UK clothing retailer in high street. There are so many competitor of it like Topman, Miss Selfridge, Dorothy Perkins, MS, Tesco, ASDA, Matalan Mango, TK Max and soon. Primark has moved a step closer to toppling Marks Spencer from the top spot in clothing market share, after its volume share leapt to 10.1% ( Ana, 2008). IMRG expects internet retail sales to increase by 15 per cent this year, with customers predicted to spend an estimated  £13.16bn online in the lead up to Christmas. A new record for internet sales volumes was set last Monday typically the biggest trading day of the week online although in keeping with the wider economic gloom, sales values were flat (Guardian, 2008). Growth for retail industry till year 2013 is weakens and steadies, First Research forecasts are based on INFORUM forecasts that are licensed from the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc. (IERF) in College Park, MD. INFORUMs interindustry-macro approach to modelling the economy captures the links between industries and the aggregate economy ( Hoovers, 2009). Due to Hoovers, 2008 Primark business was -3% but in next coming year 2009 it is 1% less than the last year. For next coming three years it will be increased by nearly 4% continuously. In year 2013, the business of Primark will be increased their business by 4%. ADVANTAGES  · Business can be going on 24 x 7 days a year.  · Increase the number of sales volume  · Well managed store all the time  · Less staff recruitment.  · Increase the Profit because less money spends on training and development.  · Easy publicity of the product and name. DISADVANTAGES  · Less rash of people in store.  · Promotional things cannot be sell easily in particular stores.  · Customers are not feel that secure as store shopping.  · Chances of the fraud of credit cards and bank details can be effect the reputation of the company. Table 2 : Advantage Disadvantages of online shopping service at Primark CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter described the methodology used to address the research issue . A summary of the methodology is then presented to provide the platform for the research. The methodology best suited to achieve the research issue aim is then affirmed, alongside discussion on other methodologies and why they were not felt appropriate for utilization with this research issue. 3.1 Research Definition Research is not just a process of gathering information, as is sometimes suggested. Rather, it is about answering unanswered question or creating that which does not currently exist. Burns, (1994:2) defines research as ‘a systematic investigation to fins answers to problem. Bulmer (1977:5) states ‘Nevertheless sociological research , as research is primarily committed to established systematic, reliable and valid knowledge about the social world. Type of Research Research can be classified from three perspectives 1 application of the research study 2 objectives in undertaking the research 3 inquiry mode employed The researcher research is contain descriptive research type which is regarding the new service for the Primark company which has not any online shopping service. So the researcher will start new online shopping service at UK Primark. To finish this research the researcher need both kind of data qualitative data and quantitative data. And some of the data in both of categories contain primary data and secondary data. 3.2 What is the Qualitative and Quantitative research Academics confirmed that, in the main, two different research areas were distinguished: quantitative research, and qualitative research, (White, 2005; Saunders et al., 2007;Fisher, 2007). Quantitative research involved an objective way of studying things, whereas a qualitative approach assumed this was difficult and that the research was subjective, as the research issue clearly was in this instance. Distinctions between Quantitative and Qualitative data Quantitative data Qualitative data * Based on meaning derived from numbers * Collection results in numerical and standardised data * Analysis conducted through the use of diagrams and statistics * Based on meaning * Collection results in requiring classification * Analysis conducted through the use of concepetualisation Table 3 : Distinction between Quantitative data and Qualitative data sources Dey (1993)Harvey and Rawlinson (1994); authors experience, Adapted from Sunders M., Thornhill, Lewis, (2009) 3.3 Primary and secondary data Researchers usually start by gathering both the type of data Primary data and secondary data. But most probably first researcher would like to start collect the secondary data. The secondary data can easily available. According to Kotler, Armstrong, Wong Saunders, (2008) Secondary data consist of information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose. Primary data consist of information collected for the specific purpose at hand. Secondary data can easily available because company can buy that from anywhere. It is provide good starting point for the research and also help to define research problem and objectives. Primary data need to make sure that it will be relevant , accurate, current and unbiased. Primary data collection calls for the number of decisions on research approaches, contact methods, sampling plan and research instruments. Secondary data is more quickly and available at lower cost than primary data. Sometimes the secondary data cannot be collect by the individual company on its own. Primary data include observation, survey and experiments which is relevant people, actions and situations. 3.4 Interview Technique The interview is a qualitative tool of collecting primary data. There are various kinds of conducting interviews such as in-depth interview, semi-structured interview, group focus interview, structured interview, elite interview, ethnographic interview and phenomenological interview. The interviewers can adjust and rearrange questions according to the flow of the conversation. Moreover, there are mainly two types of interviews that can be taken up any researcher which are telephone interviews and personal interviews. Telephone interviews are used extensively is low cost form of personal interviewing that can be used to obtain information quickly. Administration of this approach is easy and has less interview bias problem. However, there are no human interactions, which can lead to interviewer bias or careless behaviour. However, to some extent personal interviews are also been used along with telephonic interviews. We would be conducting semi structured interviews as it suits explora tory research design. 3.5 Qualitative Data The researcher find this all the qusalitative data of strengths weakness, opportunities and threats of Primark by visiting the stores and observing the behaviour of the customers and staff and the management. The SWOT of Primark is highlighted in the table below: STRENGTHS  · Most Primark stores are on high streets or shopping malls  · Prices are reasonable  · All stores have large trading space.  · Good interiors, decor and proper signage  · Experienced retailer for over more than 40 years in operation  · It provides recyclable eco-friendly bags  · Frequent locator and international coverage WEAKNESSES * No online shopping facility available. * Weak public relation campaigns * Shops crowded and services are not up to standard * Mismanagement of clothes and accessories * Dependent on suppliers * Less promotional activity for stores and company * Less number of fitting rooms OPPORTUNITIES  · Primark can introduce their own store card  · Have an automatic self scan area  · Introduce new section like kitchen range, fragrance etc  · Primark can introduce a refreshment area/cafeteria  · More advertisement and promotion; Tie up and links with various other shops  · Give more range for 35 years and upwards  · Can introduce variety supplier and talent  · Online shopping can also be introduced THREATS * Unethical practice may jeopardise sales * Price competition * Inflation recession (decline in consumer confidence/low disposable income) * Other store selling for like products e.g.: H M, Matalan, Tesco etc. Table 4 : Fieldwork Primark SWOT Analyse 3.6 Quantitative Data The researcher was fortunately able to arrange some interview with some of the Primark managers and customers. The interviews contained both negative and positive replies. However most of the responses were positive. 3.6.1 Managers questioner interview The below primary data shows what are the opinion of the managers about the online shopping service in UK Primark. All the managers have similar view about this innovation skip to some of them. They are appreciating this innovation. The researcher was arrange 8 interviews with different different Primark managers like Lakeside, Watford, Harrow, Oxford street, Hammersmith. Interviews with the managers give the following responds to the researcher: The first part of the mangers interview questioner is (q1,q2,q3)give the idea about how much they are popular in the market. Averagely their is 10000 to 15000 people visit the store on a day to day basis. And the average spend per person is nearly  £10 to  £12. Second part of the managers interview questions (q4,q5) give the information about the company profit how much profit they are making ob year on year, their profit 112% on annual budget since inception 2006. In this credit crunch situation market is facing trouble but still Primark is increasing their profit on same level. Furthermore the third part of the managers interview questions (q6, q7) provides the details about competitors of Primark in the market. Due to the market situation Primark is the most famous retailers for like for like sales. According to all the managers opinion, competitors are New look, BHs, MS, ASDA, Tesco and so on. Primark also prove itself as own their original Moto ‘Look Good, Pay Less. So many managers says that the Primark is the only one place where people can just get scoks for  £2, pair of Mens jeans for  £8, and lots of thing people can find for very cheap price at Primark. Even whenever you pass though the high street you can see that most of the people hold Primark bags. Last part of the managers interview questions is part four(q8,q9), which is give us the information about the feasibility vice the online shopping service is good for the company or not. According to my all the 6 interviews with the managers like supervisor managers to HR managers. 70% response for the online shopping service UK Primark is positive, but 30% said that the company is not that much able to introduce the online shopping service. Furthermore interview with the managers showed that Primark is likely to benefit from the introduction of an online shopping service for their customers. Because the company can save the money and can make the money by introducing the online shopping service. Different ways to save the money due to the managers like the need less staff inside the store to manage the store clean and tide-up. Another reason is they need less HR expenses like less training, recruitment and soon. Primark can run their business for 24 hours, and make more money with fewer resources. 3.6.1 The second questioners survey of Customers The researcher did the survey of 50 people from the different part of the London. Thus survey also divided in two different groups Male and Female. Like Harrow, Hammersmith, Hayes, Uxbridge, Ilford and soon. The researcher was make 10 number of questions for the customers to get the positive or negative response to his/ her research. Each questions gives positive answer to the researcher just skip to the some. Furthermore, the researcher get the reply with the Q1, is about how frequently the customers are visiting the Primark, and the answer is positivistic and 100%. To added some more, all most people visiting a Primark ones a month but some people who are visiting Primark more than one it means they visit Primark twice , thrice and fourth. Going towards Q2, which give the ideas about people are shopping from the Primark is planned or unplanned? The response to this question is neutral like 24 people said it is unplanned shopping and 26 said it is planned shopping. The third question also gives the common opinion of the people about with whom they would like to visit the Primark. The researcher gets variety of answers in different kind of options like friends, family alone, others. According to the response most of the people prefer to visit the Primark with friends the survey gives number out of 50 people 24 prefer to visit the Primark with the friends. Second highest number for the fami ly which is 12. At last very less people prefer to Feasibility of Online Shopping in UK Primark Feasibility of Online Shopping in UK Primark Abstract The purpose of this research is to study the online shopping in UK clothing retail market, and how it will be helpful to the researcher to get the idea about the feasibility of Primark online shopping service. The research is divided in 5 chapters each chapter gives the reader some idea about online shopping and how it will be beneficial for the company and the consumer. Moreover, the researcher uses this chapter to explain his/her point of view by taking individual chapter. Each chapter has many sub divisions. The researcher plan her research on typical system like chapter vies start from introduction, literature review, methodology, implementation calculation and last conclusion. In this techno savvy world people are using the technology in their day to day life. Sometimes they are using directly and sometimes indirectly but now the situation is like that the person must have use the technology to make their life luxurious. The researcher writes about ecommerce, its advantages and disadvantages. In methodology, the researcher use the both type of data qualitative and quantitative. In quantitative the researcher collects both type of primary and secondary data by using interview and survey. The aim of the research is how Primark can increase its sell in this competitive market. And online shopping market is very strong in UK. Furthermore how the online shopping will be change the stores situation and what are the changes the company will get. 1. INTRODUCTION The researcher doing t CHAPTER 1 1.1. WHAT IS PRIMARK? Primark Stores Limited is an Irish clothing retailer. Its stores are located in various regions like United Kingdom, Ireland, and Spain. Within this area of responsibility, Primark stores outnumbered other clothing retailer business, with one hundred sixty one stores overall distributed in three major regions: one hundred twenty-five in the United Kingdom. The company positions itself as marketing fashionable at cutthroat prices. Primark is known for selling clothes at the budget end of the market. Its success is based on sourcing supply, making clothes with simple designs and fabrics and targets young, fashion-conscious individuals ages 35 below, offering them simple yet high quality clothes and apparels. The relevance of global trends and consumers demands on lifestyle made Primark Store Limited reinvent its business scheme and management structure. From the first penny store in Ireland to the latest flagship store in Liverpool, the Primark story has been one of continuing success founded on a unique combination and lean operations. Primark was opened their first Penney store in Mary Street Dublin in June 1969. During the one year time they added four more stores in Dublin. After continues success in Dublin, in next three year 1971, Primark opened their first store outside the Dublin in Cork and end of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland. Furthermore, in 1973, the number of stores had reached 18 in Ireland and Primark Began trading in Great Britain with four out of-town stores. The following year saw the opening of the first UK high street store in Derby and Bristol. In ten more years Primark increase the number of stores in UK and Ireland both like 18 new store added in UK and 9 stores in in Ireland. And the management also expanded the number of the stores in UK and Ireland to 22 stores each. The most innovating thing of Primark was in ten years duration from 1984 to 1994 a further Like most of the Primark stores in high street so it is beneficial to them. Primark has so many strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Like 40 years experienced retailer, reasonable price seller of clothes, eco friendly carrier bags etc. Primark has so many weaknesses, weak public relationship, leak of services, no online facility for shopping. For promotional development Primark can introduce their own store cards, Self scan area and soon. Due to competitive market Primark provide cheapest clothes to customers. Its create threat for Primark to stay in these market. LIST OF STORE LOCATION IN LONDON Basildon Kingston-Upon-Thames Basingstoke Lewisham, Bedford Leytonstone, Bexleyheath London Brighton, Luton Bromley Maidstone Camberley Margate, Chatham Norwich Crawley Oxford Croydon Peckham Dartford Reading, Ealing Romford Eastbourne Slough, Eastham Southend Gravesend Stevenage Hackney Sutton Hammersmith Thurrock Harlow Tooting Harrow Watford Hemel Hempstead Wandsworth Hounslow Wembley Ipswich Woking Kilburn, Woolwich Table 1: Field work Primark store location in London Primark stores a privately held subsidiary of Associated British Foods, Is involved in opening departmental store. It owns and operated 188 departmental stores that provide products such as women wear, children wear, menswear, footwear, accessories, The children market in Britain is worth  £4.5bn. Five years ago, Primark had a 2.8% market share. By 2006 this had risen 5.4% and in 2007 to 6.2% this now places Primark fourth in terms of market share. (Sutherland Canwall, 2008) What is e-commerce? 1.2 Aim The researcher aim to do this research to increase the volume of sales at present Primark is leading clothing retailer in UK. Furthermore according to this techno savvy world, and to compete the all competitors Primark also have to be go ahead with some new innovation with them. 1.3 Objectives 1. To explore how online shopping can benefit Primark and boost its sales. 2. To calculate, agree and plan for the necessary resources for this project 3. To investigate the market for online shopping service in the UK competitors market. 4. To identify new segment to increase the market share CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. ONLINE SHOPPING SERVICE The researcher wants to introduce new direct marketing strategy for Primark to increase the sales volume. Like other competitors, Primark does not have an online shopping facility. In this day and age of technological advancement, it becomes very essential for any organisation to establish oneself in the field of e-commerce. The researcher has found a gap in the market for such a technological need and would like to introduce a promotional strategy for the companys growth in this high tech savvy world. The e-commerce can be defined as a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery, by using Internet (Goal, 2007). According to Varley, (2006), since the start of the new millennium, shopping via a computer has moved from the something indulged by a niche market to commonplace activity amongst the population masses. Furthermore the n ew internet world provide the retail industry with a new and exciting way of enticing consumer to purchase the product from the comfort from their available place like from home, office or anywhere they can access the ‘virtual world. In fact in recent developments in personal mobile communications industry would suggest that before long we will be able to go shopping literally anywhere at any time. Since the more improvement in the online shopping service is providing more and more luxurious service day by day so the the home delivery option alongside stores as the retail industry has developed. According to Fletcher, Bell McNaughton, (2004) e-commerce involves electronically medicated exchanges with customers. According to Rosen, (2002). Electronic commerce or â€Å"e-commerce† covers the range of online business activities for products and services, both business-to-business and business-to-customers, through the Internet. E-commerce breaks into two components: On the other hand side online auction is straightforward yet revolutionary business concept. Brokage business model, auctions bring the buyers and sellers together in a virtual marketplace. ( Bidgoli, 2002)  · Online Shopping: The scope of information and activities that provides customers with the information to conduct business with you and to make informed buying decisions.  · Online Purchasing: The technology infrastructure for the exchange of data and the purchase of the product over the Internet. Online purchasing is a metaphor used in business-to-business e-commerce for providing customers with an online method of placing orders, submitting purchase orders, or requesting quotes ( Rosen, 2002) Estimates vary as to the size of the business-to-consumer e-commerce market. The International Data Corporation (IDC) estimates that the total purchases made over the web were $10 billion in 1997 and will be more than $220 billion in 2001 (Oliveria, Amorim and Vilao, 1999). These large s are put in a wider context by KPMG (1999) which reports that, â€Å"Direct sales are 5% of retail sales in the UK and 4#% in the US. Of this total, 16% US home sales and 1% of UK home sales are electronic.† Forrester Research (Tagliabue, 1999) whose 1999 research showed Selling goods and services online is also called ecommerce. Popular ecommerce Web sites include Amazon.com and eBay, yahoo shopping, etoys, the met store , smart shopper and so on. Ecommerce is not the sole province of large companies, however; many small businesses have found considerable success selling on the Internet. Like this research content the use of the technology so the researcher would like to discuss about e-commerce service, Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction, that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. The e-commerce can be defined as a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery, by using Internet (Goal, 2007). According to Forrester Research at, the European online retail market is expected to grow from Euro 40 billion in 2004 to Euro 167 billion by 2009 (Forrester, 2006) Cited in (Burdick, Coakley Richardson, 2006)). And what are the benefits of e-commerce service? But basically the people knows each and every coin has two side so when you get some benefits from the ecommerce on the other hand side you get some disadvantages of the ecommerce as well. Moreover, with the help of online shopping service people can save their time for the shopping, online shopping service is very flexible you can use it anytime. In the opposite side you cannot touch and feel it you cant get it immediately first you pass through the very long process of ordering and after some days limitation like after four days delivery or one week delivery your get you stuff. But nowadays the most of the market work with the online shopping service like all the clothing stores provide Online shopping service. For example MS, Next, Topshop, Matalan, Monsoon, and soon. These all the clothing company has very high share market value in the market and very huge turn over in the market as well. According to the issue published in The Guardian, (2007), The weather also effect the shopping from the store and the online like the number shows how much it effect the market online market sales. In July 2007, because of the wet weather the sales increased by  £4bn in a month for the first time at  £4.2bn up from  £2.3bn in July a year ago according to the Interactive Media in Retail Group (IMRG). 2.2 PRIMARK ONLINE SHOPPING SERVICE (STRATEGY) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Every new thing has its own pros and cons like online shopping service is advantageous as much as disadvantageous for the Primark. First the researcher would like to discuss the advantages of the online shopping service at Primark. According to the competitor of Primarks are MS, Matalan, Topshop, Next and so on. All of the competitors are providing very good and fast online shopping service for their customers. 2.2.1 Business Benefits According to the Rosen, (2002), by providing your customers with 24 hour-a-day,7-day-a-week (24 x 7) access to information, you can support sales, in some cases shorten the sales cycle, and cut your administrative costs, since customers have access to information when they want it. Some people believe that shown that FAQs on an online shopping site give customers a better idea of companys product and help them feel more comfortable making the decision to buy. E-commerce is a great way to get the business of these off- peak shoppers. For a very small amount of money, a company can have its â€Å"cyber-shop† open 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. Savings on customers service staff, savings on telephone operators and sales people, instant update of catalogues and prices, product targeting, active targeting , passive targeting, better overhead and inventory control, worldwide visibility, attractive option for the physically challenged (Shim, 2000). Further all the advantageous strategy for the any company who introduce their online shopping service. With the Internet reaching all corner of the world so by introducing the online shopping service Primark can be reach all around the world. Actually they can advertise themselves globally for very small price. When the online shopping service the company proved they give the all the detailed description of the products so the Primark have to be recruit the less staff for the customer service staff, telephone operators, and less sales staffs. Like the customers when makes a purchase online is one less using the companys telephone operators and salespeople. Product targeting and active targeting both are the very helpful for the company. Primark can be accomplished actively or passively on the Internet to make their any product targeting. For the company Active targeting for the product by their product targeting Product targeting is in the two different way like the Due to the further description of the 24 x 7 online shopping service is definitely very useful for the any company like MS, Next, Matalan, etc have the same selling hour like Primark but they are selling more product by providing online shopping service. Furthermore nowadays people are more busy and addicted to use the internet in their day- to- day life. The world Internet users are the 100% present day compare to the year 2000. (Internet world stats, 2009) Normally Primark is just getting the benefit of on-peak shoppers only because it does not have any online shopping service to provide their customers. With just the shopping hours the company is making very good volume of sales so think when the company launched their online shopping service it will be more beneficial for the company to increase the volume of sales. 2.2.2 Operational Management Benefits Better availability of Service which means conveniently allows customers to shop in their homes from anywhere online. More benefit of online shopping for the operational management is cost reduction in information processing like reduce the cost of processing and retrieving order and customer information. Better timeliness of service means online operations can offer customers 24-hour servicer for purchasing good and services. Initial cost of operation less expensive, basically the capital investment in e-commerce operation is considerably less than brick-and mortar operations. Improved product development by the ability to be online with research and development people from around the world can help to reduce the time-to -market for new products and the cost of their development. Improved scheduling which is help full to the business. The online ability to keep track of product or service activities allows schedulers to be more accurate and timely in scheduling and rescheduling prod uction activity, reducing costs (Heizer and Render 2001, p. 460; Laudon and Laudon 2002, pp.122-129; Kamarainen et al. 2001). 2.3 Disadvantages of online shopping service There are so many disadvantages of e commerce business for the consumers like, credit card fraud, products that Dont show well, Limit to the Market, Small companies unprepared for global selling and soon. According to Shim Anique (2000) Credit card number can be stolen by the disgruntled or criminal employee who has legitimate as well as illegitimate access to the company e-commerce system. There are so many disadvantageous of ecommerce possible capacity and bandwidth problems. Security issues are major concern for many consumers. Security issues and measures are expected to improve in coming years, through the use of media other than credit cards on the web, such as e-Wallet, e-cash and other payment systems, acceptance or digital signature, more widespread application and acceptance of encryption technology and greater awareness and understanding of customers concerns (Bidgoli, 2002b). The main disadvantageous for shoppers, in ranked order were ‘Availability; ‘Cant be in to receive delivery; ‘Premium charged for delivery; ‘Premium charged for delivery; and ‘Cant see or feel the merchandise.( Harris Dennis, 2002) 2.4 Marketing contribution to High turnover Introduce online shopping service Primark needs many promotional strategies for the promotion of new service. To attract the customers and to publish new service they need so many promotional strategies like direct marketing, Advertising, publicity, sales promotion, Exhibition and so on. Primark always focuses on low price high volume strategy to develop market. Specifically in this recession time, peoples also moves towards Primark low price value added products. To grab this opportunity they should have also low cost marketing strategy as well. In the modern world the Internet often becomes the best medium to communicate and search things around. As all competitors have Online shopping strategy they can easily grab the markets. Online shopping strategy helps to advertising the companys product. As a result of peoples awareness about internet and the young age groups tech savvy attitude, they can search their products, compare with others to make their orders online easily. 2.5 Market Share Value of Primark At present Primark is number one UK clothing retailer in high street. There are so many competitor of it like Topman, Miss Selfridge, Dorothy Perkins, MS, Tesco, ASDA, Matalan Mango, TK Max and soon. Primark has moved a step closer to toppling Marks Spencer from the top spot in clothing market share, after its volume share leapt to 10.1% ( Ana, 2008). IMRG expects internet retail sales to increase by 15 per cent this year, with customers predicted to spend an estimated  £13.16bn online in the lead up to Christmas. A new record for internet sales volumes was set last Monday typically the biggest trading day of the week online although in keeping with the wider economic gloom, sales values were flat (Guardian, 2008). Growth for retail industry till year 2013 is weakens and steadies, First Research forecasts are based on INFORUM forecasts that are licensed from the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc. (IERF) in College Park, MD. INFORUMs interindustry-macro approach to modelling the economy captures the links between industries and the aggregate economy ( Hoovers, 2009). Due to Hoovers, 2008 Primark business was -3% but in next coming year 2009 it is 1% less than the last year. For next coming three years it will be increased by nearly 4% continuously. In year 2013, the business of Primark will be increased their business by 4%. ADVANTAGES  · Business can be going on 24 x 7 days a year.  · Increase the number of sales volume  · Well managed store all the time  · Less staff recruitment.  · Increase the Profit because less money spends on training and development.  · Easy publicity of the product and name. DISADVANTAGES  · Less rash of people in store.  · Promotional things cannot be sell easily in particular stores.  · Customers are not feel that secure as store shopping.  · Chances of the fraud of credit cards and bank details can be effect the reputation of the company. Table 2 : Advantage Disadvantages of online shopping service at Primark CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter described the methodology used to address the research issue . A summary of the methodology is then presented to provide the platform for the research. The methodology best suited to achieve the research issue aim is then affirmed, alongside discussion on other methodologies and why they were not felt appropriate for utilization with this research issue. 3.1 Research Definition Research is not just a process of gathering information, as is sometimes suggested. Rather, it is about answering unanswered question or creating that which does not currently exist. Burns, (1994:2) defines research as ‘a systematic investigation to fins answers to problem. Bulmer (1977:5) states ‘Nevertheless sociological research , as research is primarily committed to established systematic, reliable and valid knowledge about the social world. Type of Research Research can be classified from three perspectives 1 application of the research study 2 objectives in undertaking the research 3 inquiry mode employed The researcher research is contain descriptive research type which is regarding the new service for the Primark company which has not any online shopping service. So the researcher will start new online shopping service at UK Primark. To finish this research the researcher need both kind of data qualitative data and quantitative data. And some of the data in both of categories contain primary data and secondary data. 3.2 What is the Qualitative and Quantitative research Academics confirmed that, in the main, two different research areas were distinguished: quantitative research, and qualitative research, (White, 2005; Saunders et al., 2007;Fisher, 2007). Quantitative research involved an objective way of studying things, whereas a qualitative approach assumed this was difficult and that the research was subjective, as the research issue clearly was in this instance. Distinctions between Quantitative and Qualitative data Quantitative data Qualitative data * Based on meaning derived from numbers * Collection results in numerical and standardised data * Analysis conducted through the use of diagrams and statistics * Based on meaning * Collection results in requiring classification * Analysis conducted through the use of concepetualisation Table 3 : Distinction between Quantitative data and Qualitative data sources Dey (1993)Harvey and Rawlinson (1994); authors experience, Adapted from Sunders M., Thornhill, Lewis, (2009) 3.3 Primary and secondary data Researchers usually start by gathering both the type of data Primary data and secondary data. But most probably first researcher would like to start collect the secondary data. The secondary data can easily available. According to Kotler, Armstrong, Wong Saunders, (2008) Secondary data consist of information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose. Primary data consist of information collected for the specific purpose at hand. Secondary data can easily available because company can buy that from anywhere. It is provide good starting point for the research and also help to define research problem and objectives. Primary data need to make sure that it will be relevant , accurate, current and unbiased. Primary data collection calls for the number of decisions on research approaches, contact methods, sampling plan and research instruments. Secondary data is more quickly and available at lower cost than primary data. Sometimes the secondary data cannot be collect by the individual company on its own. Primary data include observation, survey and experiments which is relevant people, actions and situations. 3.4 Interview Technique The interview is a qualitative tool of collecting primary data. There are various kinds of conducting interviews such as in-depth interview, semi-structured interview, group focus interview, structured interview, elite interview, ethnographic interview and phenomenological interview. The interviewers can adjust and rearrange questions according to the flow of the conversation. Moreover, there are mainly two types of interviews that can be taken up any researcher which are telephone interviews and personal interviews. Telephone interviews are used extensively is low cost form of personal interviewing that can be used to obtain information quickly. Administration of this approach is easy and has less interview bias problem. However, there are no human interactions, which can lead to interviewer bias or careless behaviour. However, to some extent personal interviews are also been used along with telephonic interviews. We would be conducting semi structured interviews as it suits explora tory research design. 3.5 Qualitative Data The researcher find this all the qusalitative data of strengths weakness, opportunities and threats of Primark by visiting the stores and observing the behaviour of the customers and staff and the management. The SWOT of Primark is highlighted in the table below: STRENGTHS  · Most Primark stores are on high streets or shopping malls  · Prices are reasonable  · All stores have large trading space.  · Good interiors, decor and proper signage  · Experienced retailer for over more than 40 years in operation  · It provides recyclable eco-friendly bags  · Frequent locator and international coverage WEAKNESSES * No online shopping facility available. * Weak public relation campaigns * Shops crowded and services are not up to standard * Mismanagement of clothes and accessories * Dependent on suppliers * Less promotional activity for stores and company * Less number of fitting rooms OPPORTUNITIES  · Primark can introduce their own store card  · Have an automatic self scan area  · Introduce new section like kitchen range, fragrance etc  · Primark can introduce a refreshment area/cafeteria  · More advertisement and promotion; Tie up and links with various other shops  · Give more range for 35 years and upwards  · Can introduce variety supplier and talent  · Online shopping can also be introduced THREATS * Unethical practice may jeopardise sales * Price competition * Inflation recession (decline in consumer confidence/low disposable income) * Other store selling for like products e.g.: H M, Matalan, Tesco etc. Table 4 : Fieldwork Primark SWOT Analyse 3.6 Quantitative Data The researcher was fortunately able to arrange some interview with some of the Primark managers and customers. The interviews contained both negative and positive replies. However most of the responses were positive. 3.6.1 Managers questioner interview The below primary data shows what are the opinion of the managers about the online shopping service in UK Primark. All the managers have similar view about this innovation skip to some of them. They are appreciating this innovation. The researcher was arrange 8 interviews with different different Primark managers like Lakeside, Watford, Harrow, Oxford street, Hammersmith. Interviews with the managers give the following responds to the researcher: The first part of the mangers interview questioner is (q1,q2,q3)give the idea about how much they are popular in the market. Averagely their is 10000 to 15000 people visit the store on a day to day basis. And the average spend per person is nearly  £10 to  £12. Second part of the managers interview questions (q4,q5) give the information about the company profit how much profit they are making ob year on year, their profit 112% on annual budget since inception 2006. In this credit crunch situation market is facing trouble but still Primark is increasing their profit on same level. Furthermore the third part of the managers interview questions (q6, q7) provides the details about competitors of Primark in the market. Due to the market situation Primark is the most famous retailers for like for like sales. According to all the managers opinion, competitors are New look, BHs, MS, ASDA, Tesco and so on. Primark also prove itself as own their original Moto ‘Look Good, Pay Less. So many managers says that the Primark is the only one place where people can just get scoks for  £2, pair of Mens jeans for  £8, and lots of thing people can find for very cheap price at Primark. Even whenever you pass though the high street you can see that most of the people hold Primark bags. Last part of the managers interview questions is part four(q8,q9), which is give us the information about the feasibility vice the online shopping service is good for the company or not. According to my all the 6 interviews with the managers like supervisor managers to HR managers. 70% response for the online shopping service UK Primark is positive, but 30% said that the company is not that much able to introduce the online shopping service. Furthermore interview with the managers showed that Primark is likely to benefit from the introduction of an online shopping service for their customers. Because the company can save the money and can make the money by introducing the online shopping service. Different ways to save the money due to the managers like the need less staff inside the store to manage the store clean and tide-up. Another reason is they need less HR expenses like less training, recruitment and soon. Primark can run their business for 24 hours, and make more money with fewer resources. 3.6.1 The second questioners survey of Customers The researcher did the survey of 50 people from the different part of the London. Thus survey also divided in two different groups Male and Female. Like Harrow, Hammersmith, Hayes, Uxbridge, Ilford and soon. The researcher was make 10 number of questions for the customers to get the positive or negative response to his/ her research. Each questions gives positive answer to the researcher just skip to the some. Furthermore, the researcher get the reply with the Q1, is about how frequently the customers are visiting the Primark, and the answer is positivistic and 100%. To added some more, all most people visiting a Primark ones a month but some people who are visiting Primark more than one it means they visit Primark twice , thrice and fourth. Going towards Q2, which give the ideas about people are shopping from the Primark is planned or unplanned? The response to this question is neutral like 24 people said it is unplanned shopping and 26 said it is planned shopping. The third question also gives the common opinion of the people about with whom they would like to visit the Primark. The researcher gets variety of answers in different kind of options like friends, family alone, others. According to the response most of the people prefer to visit the Primark with friends the survey gives number out of 50 people 24 prefer to visit the Primark with the friends. Second highest number for the fami ly which is 12. At last very less people prefer to