Feasibility of Online Shopping in UK Primark

Feasibility of Online Shopping in UK Primark Abstract The purpose of this research is to study the online shopping in UK clothing retail market, and how it will be helpful to the researcher to get the idea about the feasibility of Primark online shopping service. The research is divided in 5 chapters each chapter gives the reader some idea about online shopping and how it will be beneficial for the company and the consumer. Moreover, the researcher uses this chapter to explain his/her point of view by taking individual chapter. Each chapter has many sub divisions. The researcher plan her research on typical system like chapter vies start from introduction, literature review, methodology, implementation calculation and last conclusion. In this techno savvy world people are using the technology in their day to day life. Sometimes they are using directly and sometimes indirectly but now the situation is like that the person must have use the technology to make their life luxurious. The researcher writes about ecommerce, its advantages and disadvantages. In methodology, the researcher use the both type of data qualitative and quantitative. In quantitative the researcher collects both type of primary and secondary data by using interview and survey. The aim of the research is how Primark can increase its sell in this competitive market. And online shopping market is very strong in UK. Furthermore how the online shopping will be change the stores situation and what are the changes the company will get. 1. INTRODUCTION The researcher doing t CHAPTER 1 1.1. WHAT IS PRIMARK? Primark Stores Limited is an Irish clothing retailer. Its stores are located in various regions like United Kingdom, Ireland, and Spain. Within this area of responsibility, Primark stores outnumbered other clothing retailer business, with one hundred sixty one stores overall distributed in three major regions: one hundred twenty-five in the United Kingdom. The company positions itself as marketing fashionable at cutthroat prices. Primark is known for selling clothes at the budget end of the market. Its success is based on sourcing supply, making clothes with simple designs and fabrics and targets young, fashion-conscious individuals ages 35 below, offering them simple yet high quality clothes and apparels. The relevance of global trends and consumers demands on lifestyle made Primark Store Limited reinvent its business scheme and management structure. From the first penny store in Ireland to the latest flagship store in Liverpool, the Primark story has been one of continuing success founded on a unique combination and lean operations. Primark was opened their first Penney store in Mary Street Dublin in June 1969. During the one year time they added four more stores in Dublin. After continues success in Dublin, in next three year 1971, Primark opened their first store outside the Dublin in Cork and end of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland. Furthermore, in 1973, the number of stores had reached 18 in Ireland and Primark Began trading in Great Britain with four out of-town stores. The following year saw the opening of the first UK high street store in Derby and Bristol. In ten more years Primark increase the number of stores in UK and Ireland both like 18 new store added in UK and 9 stores in in Ireland. And the management also expanded the number of the stores in UK and Ireland to 22 stores each. The most innovating thing of Primark was in ten years duration from 1984 to 1994 a further Like most of the Primark stores in high street so it is beneficial to them. Primark has so many strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Like 40 years experienced retailer, reasonable price seller of clothes, eco friendly carrier bags etc. Primark has so many weaknesses, weak public relationship, leak of services, no online facility for shopping. For promotional development Primark can introduce their own store cards, Self scan area and soon. Due to competitive market Primark provide cheapest clothes to customers. Its create threat for Primark to stay in these market. LIST OF STORE LOCATION IN LONDON Basildon Kingston-Upon-Thames Basingstoke Lewisham, Bedford Leytonstone, Bexleyheath London Brighton, Luton Bromley Maidstone Camberley Margate, Chatham Norwich Crawley Oxford Croydon Peckham Dartford Reading, Ealing Romford Eastbourne Slough, Eastham Southend Gravesend Stevenage Hackney Sutton Hammersmith Thurrock Harlow Tooting Harrow Watford Hemel Hempstead Wandsworth Hounslow Wembley Ipswich Woking Kilburn, Woolwich Table 1: Field work Primark store location in London Primark stores a privately held subsidiary of Associated British Foods, Is involved in opening departmental store. It owns and operated 188 departmental stores that provide products such as women wear, children wear, menswear, footwear, accessories, The children market in Britain is worth  £4.5bn. Five years ago, Primark had a 2.8% market share. By 2006 this had risen 5.4% and in 2007 to 6.2% this now places Primark fourth in terms of market share. (Sutherland Canwall, 2008) What is e-commerce? 1.2 Aim The researcher aim to do this research to increase the volume of sales at present Primark is leading clothing retailer in UK. Furthermore according to this techno savvy world, and to compete the all competitors Primark also have to be go ahead with some new innovation with them. 1.3 Objectives 1. To explore how online shopping can benefit Primark and boost its sales. 2. To calculate, agree and plan for the necessary resources for this project 3. To investigate the market for online shopping service in the UK competitors market. 4. To identify new segment to increase the market share CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. ONLINE SHOPPING SERVICE The researcher wants to introduce new direct marketing strategy for Primark to increase the sales volume. Like other competitors, Primark does not have an online shopping facility. In this day and age of technological advancement, it becomes very essential for any organisation to establish oneself in the field of e-commerce. The researcher has found a gap in the market for such a technological need and would like to introduce a promotional strategy for the companys growth in this high tech savvy world. The e-commerce can be defined as a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery, by using Internet (Goal, 2007). According to Varley, (2006), since the start of the new millennium, shopping via a computer has moved from the something indulged by a niche market to commonplace activity amongst the population masses. Furthermore the n ew internet world provide the retail industry with a new and exciting way of enticing consumer to purchase the product from the comfort from their available place like from home, office or anywhere they can access the ‘virtual world. In fact in recent developments in personal mobile communications industry would suggest that before long we will be able to go shopping literally anywhere at any time. Since the more improvement in the online shopping service is providing more and more luxurious service day by day so the the home delivery option alongside stores as the retail industry has developed. According to Fletcher, Bell McNaughton, (2004) e-commerce involves electronically medicated exchanges with customers. According to Rosen, (2002). Electronic commerce or â€Å"e-commerce† covers the range of online business activities for products and services, both business-to-business and business-to-customers, through the Internet. E-commerce breaks into two components: On the other hand side online auction is straightforward yet revolutionary business concept. Brokage business model, auctions bring the buyers and sellers together in a virtual marketplace. ( Bidgoli, 2002)  · Online Shopping: The scope of information and activities that provides customers with the information to conduct business with you and to make informed buying decisions.  · Online Purchasing: The technology infrastructure for the exchange of data and the purchase of the product over the Internet. Online purchasing is a metaphor used in business-to-business e-commerce for providing customers with an online method of placing orders, submitting purchase orders, or requesting quotes ( Rosen, 2002) Estimates vary as to the size of the business-to-consumer e-commerce market. The International Data Corporation (IDC) estimates that the total purchases made over the web were $10 billion in 1997 and will be more than $220 billion in 2001 (Oliveria, Amorim and Vilao, 1999). These large s are put in a wider context by KPMG (1999) which reports that, â€Å"Direct sales are 5% of retail sales in the UK and 4#% in the US. Of this total, 16% US home sales and 1% of UK home sales are electronic.† Forrester Research (Tagliabue, 1999) whose 1999 research showed Selling goods and services online is also called ecommerce. Popular ecommerce Web sites include Amazon.com and eBay, yahoo shopping, etoys, the met store , smart shopper and so on. Ecommerce is not the sole province of large companies, however; many small businesses have found considerable success selling on the Internet. Like this research content the use of the technology so the researcher would like to discuss about e-commerce service, Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction, that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. The e-commerce can be defined as a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery, by using Internet (Goal, 2007). According to Forrester Research at, the European online retail market is expected to grow from Euro 40 billion in 2004 to Euro 167 billion by 2009 (Forrester, 2006) Cited in (Burdick, Coakley Richardson, 2006)). And what are the benefits of e-commerce service? But basically the people knows each and every coin has two side so when you get some benefits from the ecommerce on the other hand side you get some disadvantages of the ecommerce as well. Moreover, with the help of online shopping service people can save their time for the shopping, online shopping service is very flexible you can use it anytime. In the opposite side you cannot touch and feel it you cant get it immediately first you pass through the very long process of ordering and after some days limitation like after four days delivery or one week delivery your get you stuff. But nowadays the most of the market work with the online shopping service like all the clothing stores provide Online shopping service. For example MS, Next, Topshop, Matalan, Monsoon, and soon. These all the clothing company has very high share market value in the market and very huge turn over in the market as well. According to the issue published in The Guardian, (2007), The weather also effect the shopping from the store and the online like the number shows how much it effect the market online market sales. In July 2007, because of the wet weather the sales increased by  £4bn in a month for the first time at  £4.2bn up from  £2.3bn in July a year ago according to the Interactive Media in Retail Group (IMRG). 2.2 PRIMARK ONLINE SHOPPING SERVICE (STRATEGY) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Every new thing has its own pros and cons like online shopping service is advantageous as much as disadvantageous for the Primark. First the researcher would like to discuss the advantages of the online shopping service at Primark. According to the competitor of Primarks are MS, Matalan, Topshop, Next and so on. All of the competitors are providing very good and fast online shopping service for their customers. 2.2.1 Business Benefits According to the Rosen, (2002), by providing your customers with 24 hour-a-day,7-day-a-week (24 x 7) access to information, you can support sales, in some cases shorten the sales cycle, and cut your administrative costs, since customers have access to information when they want it. Some people believe that shown that FAQs on an online shopping site give customers a better idea of companys product and help them feel more comfortable making the decision to buy. E-commerce is a great way to get the business of these off- peak shoppers. For a very small amount of money, a company can have its â€Å"cyber-shop† open 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. Savings on customers service staff, savings on telephone operators and sales people, instant update of catalogues and prices, product targeting, active targeting , passive targeting, better overhead and inventory control, worldwide visibility, attractive option for the physically challenged (Shim, 2000). Further all the advantageous strategy for the any company who introduce their online shopping service. With the Internet reaching all corner of the world so by introducing the online shopping service Primark can be reach all around the world. Actually they can advertise themselves globally for very small price. When the online shopping service the company proved they give the all the detailed description of the products so the Primark have to be recruit the less staff for the customer service staff, telephone operators, and less sales staffs. Like the customers when makes a purchase online is one less using the companys telephone operators and salespeople. Product targeting and active targeting both are the very helpful for the company. Primark can be accomplished actively or passively on the Internet to make their any product targeting. For the company Active targeting for the product by their product targeting Product targeting is in the two different way like the Due to the further description of the 24 x 7 online shopping service is definitely very useful for the any company like MS, Next, Matalan, etc have the same selling hour like Primark but they are selling more product by providing online shopping service. Furthermore nowadays people are more busy and addicted to use the internet in their day- to- day life. The world Internet users are the 100% present day compare to the year 2000. (Internet world stats, 2009) Normally Primark is just getting the benefit of on-peak shoppers only because it does not have any online shopping service to provide their customers. With just the shopping hours the company is making very good volume of sales so think when the company launched their online shopping service it will be more beneficial for the company to increase the volume of sales. 2.2.2 Operational Management Benefits Better availability of Service which means conveniently allows customers to shop in their homes from anywhere online. More benefit of online shopping for the operational management is cost reduction in information processing like reduce the cost of processing and retrieving order and customer information. Better timeliness of service means online operations can offer customers 24-hour servicer for purchasing good and services. Initial cost of operation less expensive, basically the capital investment in e-commerce operation is considerably less than brick-and mortar operations. Improved product development by the ability to be online with research and development people from around the world can help to reduce the time-to -market for new products and the cost of their development. Improved scheduling which is help full to the business. The online ability to keep track of product or service activities allows schedulers to be more accurate and timely in scheduling and rescheduling prod uction activity, reducing costs (Heizer and Render 2001, p. 460; Laudon and Laudon 2002, pp.122-129; Kamarainen et al. 2001). 2.3 Disadvantages of online shopping service There are so many disadvantages of e commerce business for the consumers like, credit card fraud, products that Dont show well, Limit to the Market, Small companies unprepared for global selling and soon. According to Shim Anique (2000) Credit card number can be stolen by the disgruntled or criminal employee who has legitimate as well as illegitimate access to the company e-commerce system. There are so many disadvantageous of ecommerce possible capacity and bandwidth problems. Security issues are major concern for many consumers. Security issues and measures are expected to improve in coming years, through the use of media other than credit cards on the web, such as e-Wallet, e-cash and other payment systems, acceptance or digital signature, more widespread application and acceptance of encryption technology and greater awareness and understanding of customers concerns (Bidgoli, 2002b). The main disadvantageous for shoppers, in ranked order were ‘Availability; ‘Cant be in to receive delivery; ‘Premium charged for delivery; ‘Premium charged for delivery; and ‘Cant see or feel the merchandise.( Harris Dennis, 2002) 2.4 Marketing contribution to High turnover Introduce online shopping service Primark needs many promotional strategies for the promotion of new service. To attract the customers and to publish new service they need so many promotional strategies like direct marketing, Advertising, publicity, sales promotion, Exhibition and so on. Primark always focuses on low price high volume strategy to develop market. Specifically in this recession time, peoples also moves towards Primark low price value added products. To grab this opportunity they should have also low cost marketing strategy as well. In the modern world the Internet often becomes the best medium to communicate and search things around. As all competitors have Online shopping strategy they can easily grab the markets. Online shopping strategy helps to advertising the companys product. As a result of peoples awareness about internet and the young age groups tech savvy attitude, they can search their products, compare with others to make their orders online easily. 2.5 Market Share Value of Primark At present Primark is number one UK clothing retailer in high street. There are so many competitor of it like Topman, Miss Selfridge, Dorothy Perkins, MS, Tesco, ASDA, Matalan Mango, TK Max and soon. Primark has moved a step closer to toppling Marks Spencer from the top spot in clothing market share, after its volume share leapt to 10.1% ( Ana, 2008). IMRG expects internet retail sales to increase by 15 per cent this year, with customers predicted to spend an estimated  £13.16bn online in the lead up to Christmas. A new record for internet sales volumes was set last Monday typically the biggest trading day of the week online although in keeping with the wider economic gloom, sales values were flat (Guardian, 2008). Growth for retail industry till year 2013 is weakens and steadies, First Research forecasts are based on INFORUM forecasts that are licensed from the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc. (IERF) in College Park, MD. INFORUMs interindustry-macro approach to modelling the economy captures the links between industries and the aggregate economy ( Hoovers, 2009). Due to Hoovers, 2008 Primark business was -3% but in next coming year 2009 it is 1% less than the last year. For next coming three years it will be increased by nearly 4% continuously. In year 2013, the business of Primark will be increased their business by 4%. ADVANTAGES  · Business can be going on 24 x 7 days a year.  · Increase the number of sales volume  · Well managed store all the time  · Less staff recruitment.  · Increase the Profit because less money spends on training and development.  · Easy publicity of the product and name. DISADVANTAGES  · Less rash of people in store.  · Promotional things cannot be sell easily in particular stores.  · Customers are not feel that secure as store shopping.  · Chances of the fraud of credit cards and bank details can be effect the reputation of the company. Table 2 : Advantage Disadvantages of online shopping service at Primark CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter described the methodology used to address the research issue . A summary of the methodology is then presented to provide the platform for the research. The methodology best suited to achieve the research issue aim is then affirmed, alongside discussion on other methodologies and why they were not felt appropriate for utilization with this research issue. 3.1 Research Definition Research is not just a process of gathering information, as is sometimes suggested. Rather, it is about answering unanswered question or creating that which does not currently exist. Burns, (1994:2) defines research as ‘a systematic investigation to fins answers to problem. Bulmer (1977:5) states ‘Nevertheless sociological research , as research is primarily committed to established systematic, reliable and valid knowledge about the social world. Type of Research Research can be classified from three perspectives 1 application of the research study 2 objectives in undertaking the research 3 inquiry mode employed The researcher research is contain descriptive research type which is regarding the new service for the Primark company which has not any online shopping service. So the researcher will start new online shopping service at UK Primark. To finish this research the researcher need both kind of data qualitative data and quantitative data. And some of the data in both of categories contain primary data and secondary data. 3.2 What is the Qualitative and Quantitative research Academics confirmed that, in the main, two different research areas were distinguished: quantitative research, and qualitative research, (White, 2005; Saunders et al., 2007;Fisher, 2007). Quantitative research involved an objective way of studying things, whereas a qualitative approach assumed this was difficult and that the research was subjective, as the research issue clearly was in this instance. Distinctions between Quantitative and Qualitative data Quantitative data Qualitative data * Based on meaning derived from numbers * Collection results in numerical and standardised data * Analysis conducted through the use of diagrams and statistics * Based on meaning * Collection results in requiring classification * Analysis conducted through the use of concepetualisation Table 3 : Distinction between Quantitative data and Qualitative data sources Dey (1993)Harvey and Rawlinson (1994); authors experience, Adapted from Sunders M., Thornhill, Lewis, (2009) 3.3 Primary and secondary data Researchers usually start by gathering both the type of data Primary data and secondary data. But most probably first researcher would like to start collect the secondary data. The secondary data can easily available. According to Kotler, Armstrong, Wong Saunders, (2008) Secondary data consist of information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose. Primary data consist of information collected for the specific purpose at hand. Secondary data can easily available because company can buy that from anywhere. It is provide good starting point for the research and also help to define research problem and objectives. Primary data need to make sure that it will be relevant , accurate, current and unbiased. Primary data collection calls for the number of decisions on research approaches, contact methods, sampling plan and research instruments. Secondary data is more quickly and available at lower cost than primary data. Sometimes the secondary data cannot be collect by the individual company on its own. Primary data include observation, survey and experiments which is relevant people, actions and situations. 3.4 Interview Technique The interview is a qualitative tool of collecting primary data. There are various kinds of conducting interviews such as in-depth interview, semi-structured interview, group focus interview, structured interview, elite interview, ethnographic interview and phenomenological interview. The interviewers can adjust and rearrange questions according to the flow of the conversation. Moreover, there are mainly two types of interviews that can be taken up any researcher which are telephone interviews and personal interviews. Telephone interviews are used extensively is low cost form of personal interviewing that can be used to obtain information quickly. Administration of this approach is easy and has less interview bias problem. However, there are no human interactions, which can lead to interviewer bias or careless behaviour. However, to some extent personal interviews are also been used along with telephonic interviews. We would be conducting semi structured interviews as it suits explora tory research design. 3.5 Qualitative Data The researcher find this all the qusalitative data of strengths weakness, opportunities and threats of Primark by visiting the stores and observing the behaviour of the customers and staff and the management. The SWOT of Primark is highlighted in the table below: STRENGTHS  · Most Primark stores are on high streets or shopping malls  · Prices are reasonable  · All stores have large trading space.  · Good interiors, decor and proper signage  · Experienced retailer for over more than 40 years in operation  · It provides recyclable eco-friendly bags  · Frequent locator and international coverage WEAKNESSES * No online shopping facility available. * Weak public relation campaigns * Shops crowded and services are not up to standard * Mismanagement of clothes and accessories * Dependent on suppliers * Less promotional activity for stores and company * Less number of fitting rooms OPPORTUNITIES  · Primark can introduce their own store card  · Have an automatic self scan area  · Introduce new section like kitchen range, fragrance etc  · Primark can introduce a refreshment area/cafeteria  · More advertisement and promotion; Tie up and links with various other shops  · Give more range for 35 years and upwards  · Can introduce variety supplier and talent  · Online shopping can also be introduced THREATS * Unethical practice may jeopardise sales * Price competition * Inflation recession (decline in consumer confidence/low disposable income) * Other store selling for like products e.g.: H M, Matalan, Tesco etc. Table 4 : Fieldwork Primark SWOT Analyse 3.6 Quantitative Data The researcher was fortunately able to arrange some interview with some of the Primark managers and customers. The interviews contained both negative and positive replies. However most of the responses were positive. 3.6.1 Managers questioner interview The below primary data shows what are the opinion of the managers about the online shopping service in UK Primark. All the managers have similar view about this innovation skip to some of them. They are appreciating this innovation. The researcher was arrange 8 interviews with different different Primark managers like Lakeside, Watford, Harrow, Oxford street, Hammersmith. Interviews with the managers give the following responds to the researcher: The first part of the mangers interview questioner is (q1,q2,q3)give the idea about how much they are popular in the market. Averagely their is 10000 to 15000 people visit the store on a day to day basis. And the average spend per person is nearly  £10 to  £12. Second part of the managers interview questions (q4,q5) give the information about the company profit how much profit they are making ob year on year, their profit 112% on annual budget since inception 2006. In this credit crunch situation market is facing trouble but still Primark is increasing their profit on same level. Furthermore the third part of the managers interview questions (q6, q7) provides the details about competitors of Primark in the market. Due to the market situation Primark is the most famous retailers for like for like sales. According to all the managers opinion, competitors are New look, BHs, MS, ASDA, Tesco and so on. Primark also prove itself as own their original Moto ‘Look Good, Pay Less. So many managers says that the Primark is the only one place where people can just get scoks for  £2, pair of Mens jeans for  £8, and lots of thing people can find for very cheap price at Primark. Even whenever you pass though the high street you can see that most of the people hold Primark bags. Last part of the managers interview questions is part four(q8,q9), which is give us the information about the feasibility vice the online shopping service is good for the company or not. According to my all the 6 interviews with the managers like supervisor managers to HR managers. 70% response for the online shopping service UK Primark is positive, but 30% said that the company is not that much able to introduce the online shopping service. Furthermore interview with the managers showed that Primark is likely to benefit from the introduction of an online shopping service for their customers. Because the company can save the money and can make the money by introducing the online shopping service. Different ways to save the money due to the managers like the need less staff inside the store to manage the store clean and tide-up. Another reason is they need less HR expenses like less training, recruitment and soon. Primark can run their business for 24 hours, and make more money with fewer resources. 3.6.1 The second questioners survey of Customers The researcher did the survey of 50 people from the different part of the London. Thus survey also divided in two different groups Male and Female. Like Harrow, Hammersmith, Hayes, Uxbridge, Ilford and soon. The researcher was make 10 number of questions for the customers to get the positive or negative response to his/ her research. Each questions gives positive answer to the researcher just skip to the some. Furthermore, the researcher get the reply with the Q1, is about how frequently the customers are visiting the Primark, and the answer is positivistic and 100%. To added some more, all most people visiting a Primark ones a month but some people who are visiting Primark more than one it means they visit Primark twice , thrice and fourth. Going towards Q2, which give the ideas about people are shopping from the Primark is planned or unplanned? The response to this question is neutral like 24 people said it is unplanned shopping and 26 said it is planned shopping. The third question also gives the common opinion of the people about with whom they would like to visit the Primark. The researcher gets variety of answers in different kind of options like friends, family alone, others. According to the response most of the people prefer to visit the Primark with friends the survey gives number out of 50 people 24 prefer to visit the Primark with the friends. Second highest number for the fami ly which is 12. At last very less people prefer to Feasibility of Online Shopping in UK Primark Feasibility of Online Shopping in UK Primark Abstract The purpose of this research is to study the online shopping in UK clothing retail market, and how it will be helpful to the researcher to get the idea about the feasibility of Primark online shopping service. The research is divided in 5 chapters each chapter gives the reader some idea about online shopping and how it will be beneficial for the company and the consumer. Moreover, the researcher uses this chapter to explain his/her point of view by taking individual chapter. Each chapter has many sub divisions. The researcher plan her research on typical system like chapter vies start from introduction, literature review, methodology, implementation calculation and last conclusion. In this techno savvy world people are using the technology in their day to day life. Sometimes they are using directly and sometimes indirectly but now the situation is like that the person must have use the technology to make their life luxurious. The researcher writes about ecommerce, its advantages and disadvantages. In methodology, the researcher use the both type of data qualitative and quantitative. In quantitative the researcher collects both type of primary and secondary data by using interview and survey. The aim of the research is how Primark can increase its sell in this competitive market. And online shopping market is very strong in UK. Furthermore how the online shopping will be change the stores situation and what are the changes the company will get. 1. INTRODUCTION The researcher doing t CHAPTER 1 1.1. WHAT IS PRIMARK? Primark Stores Limited is an Irish clothing retailer. Its stores are located in various regions like United Kingdom, Ireland, and Spain. Within this area of responsibility, Primark stores outnumbered other clothing retailer business, with one hundred sixty one stores overall distributed in three major regions: one hundred twenty-five in the United Kingdom. The company positions itself as marketing fashionable at cutthroat prices. Primark is known for selling clothes at the budget end of the market. Its success is based on sourcing supply, making clothes with simple designs and fabrics and targets young, fashion-conscious individuals ages 35 below, offering them simple yet high quality clothes and apparels. The relevance of global trends and consumers demands on lifestyle made Primark Store Limited reinvent its business scheme and management structure. From the first penny store in Ireland to the latest flagship store in Liverpool, the Primark story has been one of continuing success founded on a unique combination and lean operations. Primark was opened their first Penney store in Mary Street Dublin in June 1969. During the one year time they added four more stores in Dublin. After continues success in Dublin, in next three year 1971, Primark opened their first store outside the Dublin in Cork and end of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland. Furthermore, in 1973, the number of stores had reached 18 in Ireland and Primark Began trading in Great Britain with four out of-town stores. The following year saw the opening of the first UK high street store in Derby and Bristol. In ten more years Primark increase the number of stores in UK and Ireland both like 18 new store added in UK and 9 stores in in Ireland. And the management also expanded the number of the stores in UK and Ireland to 22 stores each. The most innovating thing of Primark was in ten years duration from 1984 to 1994 a further Like most of the Primark stores in high street so it is beneficial to them. Primark has so many strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Like 40 years experienced retailer, reasonable price seller of clothes, eco friendly carrier bags etc. Primark has so many weaknesses, weak public relationship, leak of services, no online facility for shopping. For promotional development Primark can introduce their own store cards, Self scan area and soon. Due to competitive market Primark provide cheapest clothes to customers. Its create threat for Primark to stay in these market. LIST OF STORE LOCATION IN LONDON Basildon Kingston-Upon-Thames Basingstoke Lewisham, Bedford Leytonstone, Bexleyheath London Brighton, Luton Bromley Maidstone Camberley Margate, Chatham Norwich Crawley Oxford Croydon Peckham Dartford Reading, Ealing Romford Eastbourne Slough, Eastham Southend Gravesend Stevenage Hackney Sutton Hammersmith Thurrock Harlow Tooting Harrow Watford Hemel Hempstead Wandsworth Hounslow Wembley Ipswich Woking Kilburn, Woolwich Table 1: Field work Primark store location in London Primark stores a privately held subsidiary of Associated British Foods, Is involved in opening departmental store. It owns and operated 188 departmental stores that provide products such as women wear, children wear, menswear, footwear, accessories, The children market in Britain is worth  £4.5bn. Five years ago, Primark had a 2.8% market share. By 2006 this had risen 5.4% and in 2007 to 6.2% this now places Primark fourth in terms of market share. (Sutherland Canwall, 2008) What is e-commerce? 1.2 Aim The researcher aim to do this research to increase the volume of sales at present Primark is leading clothing retailer in UK. Furthermore according to this techno savvy world, and to compete the all competitors Primark also have to be go ahead with some new innovation with them. 1.3 Objectives 1. To explore how online shopping can benefit Primark and boost its sales. 2. To calculate, agree and plan for the necessary resources for this project 3. To investigate the market for online shopping service in the UK competitors market. 4. To identify new segment to increase the market share CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. ONLINE SHOPPING SERVICE The researcher wants to introduce new direct marketing strategy for Primark to increase the sales volume. Like other competitors, Primark does not have an online shopping facility. In this day and age of technological advancement, it becomes very essential for any organisation to establish oneself in the field of e-commerce. The researcher has found a gap in the market for such a technological need and would like to introduce a promotional strategy for the companys growth in this high tech savvy world. The e-commerce can be defined as a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery, by using Internet (Goal, 2007). According to Varley, (2006), since the start of the new millennium, shopping via a computer has moved from the something indulged by a niche market to commonplace activity amongst the population masses. Furthermore the n ew internet world provide the retail industry with a new and exciting way of enticing consumer to purchase the product from the comfort from their available place like from home, office or anywhere they can access the ‘virtual world. In fact in recent developments in personal mobile communications industry would suggest that before long we will be able to go shopping literally anywhere at any time. Since the more improvement in the online shopping service is providing more and more luxurious service day by day so the the home delivery option alongside stores as the retail industry has developed. According to Fletcher, Bell McNaughton, (2004) e-commerce involves electronically medicated exchanges with customers. According to Rosen, (2002). Electronic commerce or â€Å"e-commerce† covers the range of online business activities for products and services, both business-to-business and business-to-customers, through the Internet. E-commerce breaks into two components: On the other hand side online auction is straightforward yet revolutionary business concept. Brokage business model, auctions bring the buyers and sellers together in a virtual marketplace. ( Bidgoli, 2002)  · Online Shopping: The scope of information and activities that provides customers with the information to conduct business with you and to make informed buying decisions.  · Online Purchasing: The technology infrastructure for the exchange of data and the purchase of the product over the Internet. Online purchasing is a metaphor used in business-to-business e-commerce for providing customers with an online method of placing orders, submitting purchase orders, or requesting quotes ( Rosen, 2002) Estimates vary as to the size of the business-to-consumer e-commerce market. The International Data Corporation (IDC) estimates that the total purchases made over the web were $10 billion in 1997 and will be more than $220 billion in 2001 (Oliveria, Amorim and Vilao, 1999). These large s are put in a wider context by KPMG (1999) which reports that, â€Å"Direct sales are 5% of retail sales in the UK and 4#% in the US. Of this total, 16% US home sales and 1% of UK home sales are electronic.† Forrester Research (Tagliabue, 1999) whose 1999 research showed Selling goods and services online is also called ecommerce. Popular ecommerce Web sites include Amazon.com and eBay, yahoo shopping, etoys, the met store , smart shopper and so on. Ecommerce is not the sole province of large companies, however; many small businesses have found considerable success selling on the Internet. Like this research content the use of the technology so the researcher would like to discuss about e-commerce service, Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction, that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. The e-commerce can be defined as a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery, by using Internet (Goal, 2007). According to Forrester Research at, the European online retail market is expected to grow from Euro 40 billion in 2004 to Euro 167 billion by 2009 (Forrester, 2006) Cited in (Burdick, Coakley Richardson, 2006)). And what are the benefits of e-commerce service? But basically the people knows each and every coin has two side so when you get some benefits from the ecommerce on the other hand side you get some disadvantages of the ecommerce as well. Moreover, with the help of online shopping service people can save their time for the shopping, online shopping service is very flexible you can use it anytime. In the opposite side you cannot touch and feel it you cant get it immediately first you pass through the very long process of ordering and after some days limitation like after four days delivery or one week delivery your get you stuff. But nowadays the most of the market work with the online shopping service like all the clothing stores provide Online shopping service. For example MS, Next, Topshop, Matalan, Monsoon, and soon. These all the clothing company has very high share market value in the market and very huge turn over in the market as well. According to the issue published in The Guardian, (2007), The weather also effect the shopping from the store and the online like the number shows how much it effect the market online market sales. In July 2007, because of the wet weather the sales increased by  £4bn in a month for the first time at  £4.2bn up from  £2.3bn in July a year ago according to the Interactive Media in Retail Group (IMRG). 2.2 PRIMARK ONLINE SHOPPING SERVICE (STRATEGY) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Every new thing has its own pros and cons like online shopping service is advantageous as much as disadvantageous for the Primark. First the researcher would like to discuss the advantages of the online shopping service at Primark. According to the competitor of Primarks are MS, Matalan, Topshop, Next and so on. All of the competitors are providing very good and fast online shopping service for their customers. 2.2.1 Business Benefits According to the Rosen, (2002), by providing your customers with 24 hour-a-day,7-day-a-week (24 x 7) access to information, you can support sales, in some cases shorten the sales cycle, and cut your administrative costs, since customers have access to information when they want it. Some people believe that shown that FAQs on an online shopping site give customers a better idea of companys product and help them feel more comfortable making the decision to buy. E-commerce is a great way to get the business of these off- peak shoppers. For a very small amount of money, a company can have its â€Å"cyber-shop† open 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. Savings on customers service staff, savings on telephone operators and sales people, instant update of catalogues and prices, product targeting, active targeting , passive targeting, better overhead and inventory control, worldwide visibility, attractive option for the physically challenged (Shim, 2000). Further all the advantageous strategy for the any company who introduce their online shopping service. With the Internet reaching all corner of the world so by introducing the online shopping service Primark can be reach all around the world. Actually they can advertise themselves globally for very small price. When the online shopping service the company proved they give the all the detailed description of the products so the Primark have to be recruit the less staff for the customer service staff, telephone operators, and less sales staffs. Like the customers when makes a purchase online is one less using the companys telephone operators and salespeople. Product targeting and active targeting both are the very helpful for the company. Primark can be accomplished actively or passively on the Internet to make their any product targeting. For the company Active targeting for the product by their product targeting Product targeting is in the two different way like the Due to the further description of the 24 x 7 online shopping service is definitely very useful for the any company like MS, Next, Matalan, etc have the same selling hour like Primark but they are selling more product by providing online shopping service. Furthermore nowadays people are more busy and addicted to use the internet in their day- to- day life. The world Internet users are the 100% present day compare to the year 2000. (Internet world stats, 2009) Normally Primark is just getting the benefit of on-peak shoppers only because it does not have any online shopping service to provide their customers. With just the shopping hours the company is making very good volume of sales so think when the company launched their online shopping service it will be more beneficial for the company to increase the volume of sales. 2.2.2 Operational Management Benefits Better availability of Service which means conveniently allows customers to shop in their homes from anywhere online. More benefit of online shopping for the operational management is cost reduction in information processing like reduce the cost of processing and retrieving order and customer information. Better timeliness of service means online operations can offer customers 24-hour servicer for purchasing good and services. Initial cost of operation less expensive, basically the capital investment in e-commerce operation is considerably less than brick-and mortar operations. Improved product development by the ability to be online with research and development people from around the world can help to reduce the time-to -market for new products and the cost of their development. Improved scheduling which is help full to the business. The online ability to keep track of product or service activities allows schedulers to be more accurate and timely in scheduling and rescheduling prod uction activity, reducing costs (Heizer and Render 2001, p. 460; Laudon and Laudon 2002, pp.122-129; Kamarainen et al. 2001). 2.3 Disadvantages of online shopping service There are so many disadvantages of e commerce business for the consumers like, credit card fraud, products that Dont show well, Limit to the Market, Small companies unprepared for global selling and soon. According to Shim Anique (2000) Credit card number can be stolen by the disgruntled or criminal employee who has legitimate as well as illegitimate access to the company e-commerce system. There are so many disadvantageous of ecommerce possible capacity and bandwidth problems. Security issues are major concern for many consumers. Security issues and measures are expected to improve in coming years, through the use of media other than credit cards on the web, such as e-Wallet, e-cash and other payment systems, acceptance or digital signature, more widespread application and acceptance of encryption technology and greater awareness and understanding of customers concerns (Bidgoli, 2002b). The main disadvantageous for shoppers, in ranked order were ‘Availability; ‘Cant be in to receive delivery; ‘Premium charged for delivery; ‘Premium charged for delivery; and ‘Cant see or feel the merchandise.( Harris Dennis, 2002) 2.4 Marketing contribution to High turnover Introduce online shopping service Primark needs many promotional strategies for the promotion of new service. To attract the customers and to publish new service they need so many promotional strategies like direct marketing, Advertising, publicity, sales promotion, Exhibition and so on. Primark always focuses on low price high volume strategy to develop market. Specifically in this recession time, peoples also moves towards Primark low price value added products. To grab this opportunity they should have also low cost marketing strategy as well. In the modern world the Internet often becomes the best medium to communicate and search things around. As all competitors have Online shopping strategy they can easily grab the markets. Online shopping strategy helps to advertising the companys product. As a result of peoples awareness about internet and the young age groups tech savvy attitude, they can search their products, compare with others to make their orders online easily. 2.5 Market Share Value of Primark At present Primark is number one UK clothing retailer in high street. There are so many competitor of it like Topman, Miss Selfridge, Dorothy Perkins, MS, Tesco, ASDA, Matalan Mango, TK Max and soon. Primark has moved a step closer to toppling Marks Spencer from the top spot in clothing market share, after its volume share leapt to 10.1% ( Ana, 2008). IMRG expects internet retail sales to increase by 15 per cent this year, with customers predicted to spend an estimated  £13.16bn online in the lead up to Christmas. A new record for internet sales volumes was set last Monday typically the biggest trading day of the week online although in keeping with the wider economic gloom, sales values were flat (Guardian, 2008). Growth for retail industry till year 2013 is weakens and steadies, First Research forecasts are based on INFORUM forecasts that are licensed from the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc. (IERF) in College Park, MD. INFORUMs interindustry-macro approach to modelling the economy captures the links between industries and the aggregate economy ( Hoovers, 2009). Due to Hoovers, 2008 Primark business was -3% but in next coming year 2009 it is 1% less than the last year. For next coming three years it will be increased by nearly 4% continuously. In year 2013, the business of Primark will be increased their business by 4%. ADVANTAGES  · Business can be going on 24 x 7 days a year.  · Increase the number of sales volume  · Well managed store all the time  · Less staff recruitment.  · Increase the Profit because less money spends on training and development.  · Easy publicity of the product and name. DISADVANTAGES  · Less rash of people in store.  · Promotional things cannot be sell easily in particular stores.  · Customers are not feel that secure as store shopping.  · Chances of the fraud of credit cards and bank details can be effect the reputation of the company. Table 2 : Advantage Disadvantages of online shopping service at Primark CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter described the methodology used to address the research issue . A summary of the methodology is then presented to provide the platform for the research. The methodology best suited to achieve the research issue aim is then affirmed, alongside discussion on other methodologies and why they were not felt appropriate for utilization with this research issue. 3.1 Research Definition Research is not just a process of gathering information, as is sometimes suggested. Rather, it is about answering unanswered question or creating that which does not currently exist. Burns, (1994:2) defines research as ‘a systematic investigation to fins answers to problem. Bulmer (1977:5) states ‘Nevertheless sociological research , as research is primarily committed to established systematic, reliable and valid knowledge about the social world. Type of Research Research can be classified from three perspectives 1 application of the research study 2 objectives in undertaking the research 3 inquiry mode employed The researcher research is contain descriptive research type which is regarding the new service for the Primark company which has not any online shopping service. So the researcher will start new online shopping service at UK Primark. To finish this research the researcher need both kind of data qualitative data and quantitative data. And some of the data in both of categories contain primary data and secondary data. 3.2 What is the Qualitative and Quantitative research Academics confirmed that, in the main, two different research areas were distinguished: quantitative research, and qualitative research, (White, 2005; Saunders et al., 2007;Fisher, 2007). Quantitative research involved an objective way of studying things, whereas a qualitative approach assumed this was difficult and that the research was subjective, as the research issue clearly was in this instance. Distinctions between Quantitative and Qualitative data Quantitative data Qualitative data * Based on meaning derived from numbers * Collection results in numerical and standardised data * Analysis conducted through the use of diagrams and statistics * Based on meaning * Collection results in requiring classification * Analysis conducted through the use of concepetualisation Table 3 : Distinction between Quantitative data and Qualitative data sources Dey (1993)Harvey and Rawlinson (1994); authors experience, Adapted from Sunders M., Thornhill, Lewis, (2009) 3.3 Primary and secondary data Researchers usually start by gathering both the type of data Primary data and secondary data. But most probably first researcher would like to start collect the secondary data. The secondary data can easily available. According to Kotler, Armstrong, Wong Saunders, (2008) Secondary data consist of information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose. Primary data consist of information collected for the specific purpose at hand. Secondary data can easily available because company can buy that from anywhere. It is provide good starting point for the research and also help to define research problem and objectives. Primary data need to make sure that it will be relevant , accurate, current and unbiased. Primary data collection calls for the number of decisions on research approaches, contact methods, sampling plan and research instruments. Secondary data is more quickly and available at lower cost than primary data. Sometimes the secondary data cannot be collect by the individual company on its own. Primary data include observation, survey and experiments which is relevant people, actions and situations. 3.4 Interview Technique The interview is a qualitative tool of collecting primary data. There are various kinds of conducting interviews such as in-depth interview, semi-structured interview, group focus interview, structured interview, elite interview, ethnographic interview and phenomenological interview. The interviewers can adjust and rearrange questions according to the flow of the conversation. Moreover, there are mainly two types of interviews that can be taken up any researcher which are telephone interviews and personal interviews. Telephone interviews are used extensively is low cost form of personal interviewing that can be used to obtain information quickly. Administration of this approach is easy and has less interview bias problem. However, there are no human interactions, which can lead to interviewer bias or careless behaviour. However, to some extent personal interviews are also been used along with telephonic interviews. We would be conducting semi structured interviews as it suits explora tory research design. 3.5 Qualitative Data The researcher find this all the qusalitative data of strengths weakness, opportunities and threats of Primark by visiting the stores and observing the behaviour of the customers and staff and the management. The SWOT of Primark is highlighted in the table below: STRENGTHS  · Most Primark stores are on high streets or shopping malls  · Prices are reasonable  · All stores have large trading space.  · Good interiors, decor and proper signage  · Experienced retailer for over more than 40 years in operation  · It provides recyclable eco-friendly bags  · Frequent locator and international coverage WEAKNESSES * No online shopping facility available. * Weak public relation campaigns * Shops crowded and services are not up to standard * Mismanagement of clothes and accessories * Dependent on suppliers * Less promotional activity for stores and company * Less number of fitting rooms OPPORTUNITIES  · Primark can introduce their own store card  · Have an automatic self scan area  · Introduce new section like kitchen range, fragrance etc  · Primark can introduce a refreshment area/cafeteria  · More advertisement and promotion; Tie up and links with various other shops  · Give more range for 35 years and upwards  · Can introduce variety supplier and talent  · Online shopping can also be introduced THREATS * Unethical practice may jeopardise sales * Price competition * Inflation recession (decline in consumer confidence/low disposable income) * Other store selling for like products e.g.: H M, Matalan, Tesco etc. Table 4 : Fieldwork Primark SWOT Analyse 3.6 Quantitative Data The researcher was fortunately able to arrange some interview with some of the Primark managers and customers. The interviews contained both negative and positive replies. However most of the responses were positive. 3.6.1 Managers questioner interview The below primary data shows what are the opinion of the managers about the online shopping service in UK Primark. All the managers have similar view about this innovation skip to some of them. They are appreciating this innovation. The researcher was arrange 8 interviews with different different Primark managers like Lakeside, Watford, Harrow, Oxford street, Hammersmith. Interviews with the managers give the following responds to the researcher: The first part of the mangers interview questioner is (q1,q2,q3)give the idea about how much they are popular in the market. Averagely their is 10000 to 15000 people visit the store on a day to day basis. And the average spend per person is nearly  £10 to  £12. Second part of the managers interview questions (q4,q5) give the information about the company profit how much profit they are making ob year on year, their profit 112% on annual budget since inception 2006. In this credit crunch situation market is facing trouble but still Primark is increasing their profit on same level. Furthermore the third part of the managers interview questions (q6, q7) provides the details about competitors of Primark in the market. Due to the market situation Primark is the most famous retailers for like for like sales. According to all the managers opinion, competitors are New look, BHs, MS, ASDA, Tesco and so on. Primark also prove itself as own their original Moto ‘Look Good, Pay Less. So many managers says that the Primark is the only one place where people can just get scoks for  £2, pair of Mens jeans for  £8, and lots of thing people can find for very cheap price at Primark. Even whenever you pass though the high street you can see that most of the people hold Primark bags. Last part of the managers interview questions is part four(q8,q9), which is give us the information about the feasibility vice the online shopping service is good for the company or not. According to my all the 6 interviews with the managers like supervisor managers to HR managers. 70% response for the online shopping service UK Primark is positive, but 30% said that the company is not that much able to introduce the online shopping service. Furthermore interview with the managers showed that Primark is likely to benefit from the introduction of an online shopping service for their customers. Because the company can save the money and can make the money by introducing the online shopping service. Different ways to save the money due to the managers like the need less staff inside the store to manage the store clean and tide-up. Another reason is they need less HR expenses like less training, recruitment and soon. Primark can run their business for 24 hours, and make more money with fewer resources. 3.6.1 The second questioners survey of Customers The researcher did the survey of 50 people from the different part of the London. Thus survey also divided in two different groups Male and Female. Like Harrow, Hammersmith, Hayes, Uxbridge, Ilford and soon. The researcher was make 10 number of questions for the customers to get the positive or negative response to his/ her research. Each questions gives positive answer to the researcher just skip to the some. Furthermore, the researcher get the reply with the Q1, is about how frequently the customers are visiting the Primark, and the answer is positivistic and 100%. To added some more, all most people visiting a Primark ones a month but some people who are visiting Primark more than one it means they visit Primark twice , thrice and fourth. Going towards Q2, which give the ideas about people are shopping from the Primark is planned or unplanned? The response to this question is neutral like 24 people said it is unplanned shopping and 26 said it is planned shopping. The third question also gives the common opinion of the people about with whom they would like to visit the Primark. The researcher gets variety of answers in different kind of options like friends, family alone, others. According to the response most of the people prefer to visit the Primark with friends the survey gives number out of 50 people 24 prefer to visit the Primark with the friends. Second highest number for the fami ly which is 12. At last very less people prefer to

Distracted Driving Kills Essay

It is not uncommon today for driving crashes to be in our daily evening news. Almost every day, there are reports and newspaper articles about drivers who were distracted or under the influence of something. Most of us have probably seen drivers swerving in their lanes or barely dodging a pedestrian because they are not focused. In fact, each day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that â€Å"more than 15 people are killed and more than 1,200 people are injured in crashes that were reported to involve a distracted driver†. Some victims sustain minor injuries while others suffer from permanent damage, or possibly even die. Drivers are putting those around them at risk when they whip out their phone and began to text while driving. The Tiger’s Roar talked with Kiera Gold ’15 about her opinions on multitasking while behind the wheel. â€Å"So many people think they can multitask,† Gold comments. â€Å"Sure, maybe with testing and hom ework, or texting and cleaning, but driving?! That’s crazy.† It is not uncommon for people our age to multitask on almost everything. The biggest problem with this issue is that the most serious offenders are us. WE are the ones who are most at risk. Yet many of us continue to assume that we can drive and text or talk simultaneously. Some kids and adults do get away with it, but there are many more that do not. Distraction.gov is a website created by the U.S. government to address the problems of distracted driving in general. Ray Lahood, secretary of transportation, states that â€Å"any time you take your eyes off the road, your hands off the wheel, and your mind off your primary task: driving safely†, distraction occurs, increasing your risk of crashing. â€Å"Some people still don’t know how dangerous distracted driving is. Others know about the risks of texting†¦while driving, but still most choose to do so anyway. They make the mistake of thinking†¦that they can defy the odds† (D istraction.gov). They incorrectly think that the statistics do not apply to them. The most surprising of all is that there are all sorts of distractions that may be experienced. Texting, calling, eating, drinking, fixing your makeup, reading, adjusting music players, you name it. These are all potential factors that can put your life at risk. To ban texting and driving may sound like a reasonable action to take, but there may be difficulty enforcing such laws. To make texting while driving illegal will encourage drivers to hide their phones when they are texting instead of having it in front of them. This may make situations worse because some drivers will divert their eyes and attention to the phone instead of the road. In addition, it will be problematic for officers to know if someone was actually texting. â€Å"One Text or Call Could Wreck It All.† This is the message the U.S. Department of Transportation when it reaches out to millions of Americans. It is likely that a TV ad appeared while watching a favorite show about the consequences of texting while driving. They include the disabled and injured victim of a car crash due to distracted driving along with the one, simple text message that completely flipped their world upside down. This is reality, people. The purpose of the ads is not to depress you or give your something to laugh about. The way that person is now could be how you will end up living the rest of your life. In fact, if the trend of texting while driving continues just to disprove this article, you are only playing with your life and those around you. If you want to live your life to the fullest, then maybe that one text message does not need to be replied right away. Maybe it can wait until you have arrived at a resting place or your destination. Perhaps you won’t be involved in a fatal crash and film a texting while driving advertisement to make the public more aware. But that will depend on how you will deal with a ringing phone when your hands are on the wheel, your eyes focusing on the road. Stop the texts, stop the wrecks.

The Debate Over Environmental Essay Topics

The Debate Over Environmental Essay Topics Air pollution is just one of the most dangerous types of pollution. Thus, it is one of the contributors to the global warming. Water pollution is just one of the pivotal problems nowadays. It will be the world's biggest problem in the next years. Among the elements of financial growth that has an effect on the environment most of all is that to be able to generate more goods and products at a faster rate, the building of large industrial plants is needed. On the flip side, the government should guarantee that industries which will likely pollute environment are located far from residential locations. You cooperate with seasoned pollution essay professionals that are eager to assist you in your studies! Depending on the kind and aim of your paper you may describe one or several kinds of pollution. Whatever They Told You About Environmental Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Do not permit the interesting environmental science topics sound boring when it is possible to ask for a couple necessary changes that are offered free of charge. You receive an environmental science study material on the site at no cost. There are a great deal of impressive environment related topics that you may use for your submission. Even should you need to file your environmental science project topics within a brief notice, we can still deliver promptly. There are lots of activities that could be carried out by both the typical citizen to the governments of earth, which could severally enhance the world's environmental issue. A clean environment is quite required to live a peaceful and wholesome life. It is not easy to believe but true that only a modest positive movements by everyone may bring a big shift in the declining atmosphere. There are massive issues with the way our existing society uses and abuses our worldwide home. What to Expect From Environmental Essay Topics? During the past ten decades, the world ha s witnessed severe growth in environmental pollution. An Essay on damaging the environment Explain a few of the methods by which humans are damaging the surroundings. It is crucial to explore the many forms of pollution and all probable methods of their prevention as a way to make our planet a safe location for the increase and development of all living things. If pollution goes on, the day isn't far when our earth is going to be a boiling pan and become a desert. If you have to write about more scientific characteristics of the environment, make certain that you read up on it, in order to acquire a notion of how you may to tackle the problem. It is possible to always pick another topic associated with environmental issues and their effects on the planet. Your essay might incorporate the explanations for teen pregnancy and talk about the recent rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. An environmental problems essay must also concentrate on the best way to encourage i ndividuals to safeguard their environment, and the advantages of this kind of endeavor. Over time, environmental pollution has gotten more of a problem for any number of explanations. Thus, it has become the biggest problem we are facing today. Environmental problems ought to be handled by the united efforts of the international community. They cause concern all over the world. You must specify the kind of your customized essay on pollution, page count, formatting and style requirements, in addition to deadline. You need to provide your readers enough information in order that they fully realize what you're writing about. Deficiency of time and busy schedule may also impact your capacity to compose the finest environmental essay. If you're unable to take time out for research, you can take the aid of professional writers. Once you have settled on this issue, start researching on it. As it's such a huge subject, you're going to want to narrow your paper down to a particular angle. One of the most frequent essay topics is the matter of environmental pollution. Even evaluating the essay topics associated with environmental science gets challenging. If you're looking for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service offered by fully qualified academics in your area of study. The first thing which one has to do is to rate the essay question to decide what is required. A cause and effect essay is comparable in structure to the majority of other essays, as it requires an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. When you compose an essay on the surroundings, your task is to deal with a particular environmental issue without going into a comprehensive study.

Essay about Self Reliance in Walden - 1477 Words

Self Reliance The summer of 1845 found Henry David Thoreau living in a rude shack on the banks of Walden Pond. The actual property was owned by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the great American philosopher. Emerson had earlier published the treatise entitled Nature, and the young Thoreau was profoundly affected by its call for individuality and self-reliance. Thoreau planted a small garden, took pen and paper, and began to record the of life at Walden. Thoreaus experiment in deliberate living began in March of 1845. By planting a two-and-a-half acre parcel borrowed from a neighbor who thought it useless, he harvested and sold enough peas, potatoes, corn, beans and turnips to build and to buy food. He purchased an old shanty from†¦show more content†¦Thoreau scorned the affair, referring to the accumulations as trumpetery that had lain for half a century in his garret and other dust holes: And now instead of a bonfire, or purifying destruction of them, there was an auction, of increasing of them. The neighbors eagerly collected to view them, bought them all, and carefully transported them to their garrets and dust holes, to lie there till their estates are settled, when they will start again. When a man dies he kicks the dust. All aspects of life for Thoreau focused on simplicity. He ate simple meals, his diet consisting mostly of rye, Indian meal, potatoes, rice, a little pork, salt and molasses. He drank water. On such foods he was able to live for as little as a dollar a month. The cost of a thing, he reasoned, is the amount of what I will call life which is required to be exchanged for it, immediately or in the long run. The naturalist seldom ate meat and never hunted. He was far too interested in preserving the animals around the pond: Every man who has ever been earnest to preserve his higher poetic faculties in the best condition, has been particularly inclined to abstain from animal food, or from much food of any kind. He did eat fish, but considered his time too valuable to spend merely fishing for food. And by this Spartan ideology, Thoreau was left free to pursue which to him were the important aspects of life; namely, observing,Show MoreRelatedHenry David Thoreau And Ralph Waldo Emerson On Self Reliance And Thoreau s Walden1311 Words   |  6 PagesEmerson’s essay On Self-Reliance and Thoreau’s Walden, and show the influence of Emerson on Thoreau’s literature. Thoreau was one of the many followers of Emerson but he acted upon his teaching most consistently. Emerson’s essay, Self-Reliance, had made an abiding impression on Thoreau. Towards the end of his essay, Emerson asserted, â€Å"It is only as a man puts off all foreign support, and stands alone, that I see him to be strong and to prevail.† Acting upon Emerson’s call for self-reliance, Thoreau wentRead MoreThe Importance Of Self Reliance By David Thoreau818 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Self Reliance One of the transcendentalist beliefs is that you should rely on yourself. Transcendentalism is a idea that you have to experience and understand nature. It developed in the early 1800’s. It has 5 core beliefs: nonconformity, self reliance, free thought, confidence, and importance of nature. The texts I will use as examples are Excerpts from Walden, and Self-Reliance. The authors of these are Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau. Self Reliance helps you surviveRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Walden By Henry David Thoreau1300 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Analysis of â€Å"Walden† The autobiography â€Å"Walden† by Henry David Thoreau is a first-person narrative explaining what Thoreau personally experienced from his experiment after two years of living at Walden Pond, encompassed by nature. Thoreau isolates himself from society and martial earnings to gain a higher understanding of what it means to have freedom as an individual. He simplifies his life to get closer to nature to learn more about himself and society. If we focus too much on obtainingRead MoreWakefulness: Thoreau, Whitman, and Emerson1532 Words   |  7 Pagesexertion throughout everyday life is essential to becoming self-reliant, creating a more intellectual and better community, and becoming closer to god. Being self-reliant is brought up in many of Thoreau, Emerson, and Whitman’s work and if one wants to understand the idea of Wakefulness, then they need to understand self-reliance. In his book, Walden, Thoreau writes about the idea that in order to be awake, one must be self-reliant. In Walden, Thoreau leaves his life in Concord, Massachusetts to liveRead MoreThe Dream of the American Renaissance1016 Words   |  4 Pagespeople by welcoming what was already there; nature. The period also offered the alternative view; the highly cynical attitude towards humans gave another outlook that shows how far humanity has to go to achieve this goal. The American Dream of Self-Reliance expresses itself the most during The American Renaissance; with writers such as Emerson and Thoreau showing the beliefs of the Transcendentalists both physically and philosophically, leading to the ascendance of the individual in independence.Read MoreThe Emergence Of Self Concept1489 Words   |  6 Pag esThe Emergence of Self Throughout our history the idea of self has developed and proved to be a dominant concept that Americans have come to understand. Not defined or found in lineage, religion, or history, the concept of self is defined by a collection of values. These values and principles are rooted in individualism, self-actualization, and self-reliance where people are able to fulfill their own destiny and believe in the promise that through ward work and determination life can be differentRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s The Wilderness Of Walden Pond Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesfor their pilgrimages were different, transcendentalists emphasized journeys into nature. Henry David Thoreau, perhaps the most famous transcendentalist, wrote Walden on his time spent in the wilderness of Walden pond. Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote Nature on his walks into the woods. Much of Emerson’s works were on intuition and self-reliance. Jeremiah Johnson is a modern movie that seemingly adopts the ideas of these transcendentalist authors into a narrative about a man who leaves civilisation forRead MoreHuman Nature Vs Transcendentalism883 Words   |  4 Pagesanother author names Henry David Thoreau, who wroite a book named â€Å"Walden†. â€Å"I have spent many an hour, when I was younger, floating over its surface as the zephyr willed, having paddled my boat to the middle, and lying on my back across the seats, my back across the seats, in a summer forenoon, dreaming awake, until I was aroused by the boat touching the sand, and I arose to see what shore my fates had impelled me to.† (â€Å"Walden, Emerson). In addition to the universal soul, the TranscendentalistsRead MoreMovie Analysis : Think For Yourself 1633 Words   |  7 Pagesin the very popular writing of Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. Emerson brought up some interesting topics about how our lives are dictated by others and he urges us to ignore these basic ideas we put upon ourselves in life. Conformity is also not run by one person or thing; it is us joined together making up these synthetic ideas. Along with Emerson, our other transcendentalist, Henry David Thoreau, pleases us with his work, Walden. Walden revolves around the idea of simplicity and finding oneRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : Civil Disobedience933 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing a poet, practical philosopher and his two-year project at Walden pond near Concord, Massachusetts (â€Å"Henry David Thoreau,† 2014). His project consisted of him leaving behind the influence of society and living a minimalist lifestyle for two years. In his book, Walden, or Life in the Woods, in the economy portion he illustrates the benefits of living a simplified lifestyle. Thoreau also describes his project as an act of self-reliance and practicing his faith as a Transcendentalist. As well as,

The Constitutional Right Of The Second Amendment - 1714 Words

In recent years, there have been many stories of shootings taken place across various parts of the United States, all of which bring up the highly volatile topic of gun control. Unlike many other wealthy countries, such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, and Australia, where gun ownership is strictly regulated, by in large-the US has very little universal gun control laws throughout the nation. This great controversy is based on the Constitutional right of the Second Amendment, stating, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† Though this is a Constitutional right, unlike many other Amendments, understanding they were written in†¦show more content†¦A poll conducted by the Washington Post found that â€Å"One in five gun owners say they ve called, written or emailed a public official to express their views on the gun issue. Just one in 10 of those in households without a gun say the same†¦19 percent of gun owners say they ve given money while just 4 percent in non-gun households say the same.† This means that though there are fewer who support gun rights, they are more active and enthusiastic in showing and supporting their beliefs than those who support gun control, which equates into politicians having to appeal more to those who support gun rights, and so not passing stronger gun control laws, than appealing to those who support gun control. Mass media also comes into play affecting public interest, and support, by its reporting, or lack thereof, of the progress, or lack of progress, of the passing of gun control laws. After any major gun related tragedy takes place, media coverage of that tragedy and the lack of gun control laws that could have possibly prevented or lessened the extent of that tragedy, spikes, which in turn, spikes public concern and support for gun control. As the media begins to cover other topics and lessens its coverage of gun control related stories, public concern turns to whatever it is the media is covering. This lack

Case Analysis Free Essays

string(64) " F W Taylor is the founder of scientific management techniques\." Case Study on W L Gore limited Shahzad Mukhtiar 1. Introduction THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS CASE STUDY IS TO UNDERSTAND W L GORE ASSOCIATES. THE MAIN TASKS OF THE ASSIGNMENT ARE: FIRSTLY, IDENTIFY THE MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP STYLES OF COMPANY AND FIND THE IMPACT OF THESE STYLES ON COMPANY’S STRATEGIC DECISIONS. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now SECONDLY, FIND THE CONNECTION BETWEEN SELECTED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP THEORIES AND DESCRIBE THE IMPACT OF THESE THEORIES ON ORGANISATIONAL AND LEADERSHIP STRATEGY. THIRDLY, USE PROPER TECHNIQUES TO RE- EXAMINE COMPANY’S LEADERSHIP REQUIREMENTS AND FINALLY THE AIM IS TO PRODUCE A LEADERSHIP SKILLS PLAN FOR W L GORE’S FUTURE REQUIREMENTS. W L GORE AND ASSOCIATES IS A LEADING MANUFACTURER OF THOUSANDS OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR THE ELECTRONICS, FABRICS, INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICAL MARKETS. W L GORE ASSOCIATES FOUNDED IN 1958 BY WILBERT L GORE AND IT IS A PRIVATE COMPANY HEADQUARTER IN NEWARK, DELAWARE, USA. W L GORE  Ã‚  IS MULTI-NATIONAL COMPANY LOCATED IN 30 COUNTRIES ,MANUFACTURING FACILITIES  Ã‚  IN USA, GERMANY, SCOTLAND, JAPAN ,CHINA AND SALES OFFICES AROUND THE WORLD. THERE ARE 9,000 EMPLOYEES IN W L GORE KNOWN AS ASSOCIATES AND ITS ANNUAL SALES ARE $2. 5 BILLION. (GORE I, 2011) 2. Leadership and management â€Å"Leadership is more ability than job. Moreover, it is all about determination, ability to solve problems, set direction for followers, gather them for common purpose and motivating people to achieve tasks. Furthermore, it is a charisma and the ability to reacting at the right time for a particular competitive situation† (L. Mullins, 2010, P372). â€Å"Management is active, not theoretical. It is about changing behaviour and making things happen. It is about developing people, working with them, effort to achieve objective and goals. †(L. Mullins, 2010. P, 425) 3. Leadership and management styles is used by W L Gore The democratic style of the leadership where power is shared among sub ordinates. In this style everyone have right to share their views and opinions. Democratic organisation where the leadership fornications are shared with the member of groups and mostly the manger is the part of team. The group members have right of participation in decision-making, determination of policy, implementation of system and procedure. In such system power, influence and responsibilities are shared between members and leaders. (L,  Mullins, 2010. P, 381) Laissez-faire is the style of leadership and management where employees are free to do work. In laissez faire style employees have more power, authority and influence in organisation about their tasks. Moreover, leaders are totally trusts on their employees to perform their tasks themselves. This kind of style suits such organisations where employees are skilful, innovative and creative. Furthermore, this style is successful where employees show responsibility and loyalty with organisations. Managementstudyguide i. 2011) 3. 1  Ã‚  Democratic style of W L Gore W L Gore’s leadership style is democratic . In W L Gore leaders are not appointed from above and he/she emerges from team members. The associates who elect leaders and those leaders come on the bases of experience, knowledge and talents. Moreover, In W L Gore the leader’s job is not to make a n individual decision and associates also participate in decision making . In W L Gore the power, influence and responsibilities are shared between associates and leaders. In  Ã‚  W L Gore the organisation have many teams and every team have leader who always make plan with the help of associates and if associates are not agree with situation then leaders can not pass and implement a particular decision or project. According to CEO Terri Kelly, in W L Gore leaders have followers who give them support and power of decision making. In W L Gore leaders come from associates, who support them in decision making, give then authority of leading and sharing views which totally show the democratic style in company. W  Ã‚  L Gore is more democratic in term of leadership and less in management (management exchange i, 2011) 3. 2  laissez faire style of W L Gore W. L Gore and associates where no managers, no job titles, no hierarchy, and no reporting rules. Associates work in teams, they are free to do work individually and they are responsible to fulfil their tasks. Moreover, In W L Gore employees are innovative and leaders allow them to do their work freely. According to W. L Gore CEO Terri Kelly, associates are owners in the company; they are self-committed about their work. In W L gore each person has more power to decide what they want to work and where he/she can make contribution for company. Furthermore, associates have freedom to decide about their tasks and commitment to deliver  Ã‚  Ã‚  promises. Such powers in W L gore show, freedom and innovation about individual’s work. W L Gore associate adopted this style more in management than leadership in company. (Management exchange i, 2011) 3. 3  Impact of Leadership and management  Ã‚  styles had on W L Gore strategic decisions W L Gore associates follow democratic and laissez-faire styles of leadership and management. These styles have positive impact on company’s strategic decisions. Strategic decisions are long term decisions; it’s about company’s growth, vision, mission and future planning. In W L gore where top level management and leadership make decisions. Moreover, the support of associates makes decision simple and there are fewer chances of conflicts in company. The impacts of these styles are clearly positive when we examine company’s progress, its annual sale growth is continually increasing since 1958, and they are launching new systems, developing new products and expanding business worldwide. gore I,2011). Furthermore, these styles impact are more clear in their HR strategy when they select innovate people for work who gives them results in term of success. Thus W L Gore is successful with democratic and laissez-faire styles in term of strategic decisions because when strategic management and leadership make strategy about company’s vision, mission and future goals. 4. Strategic management and leadership theories Henri Fayol wrote five function of management. He believes that organisation should make planning, organising, commanding, co-ordaining and controlling to run organisation. Economist i, 2011) F W Taylor is the founder of scientific management techniques. You read "Case Analysis" in category "Papers" He believes that management can improve if we increase productivity, analysis of the task is best method to do work, he believes on scientific method to do work, motivation and employees training are important according to F W Taylor. (L, Mullins, 2010. P, 45) Peter Drucker believes on Management by Objective. He considers that management should set objectives, organising tasks, motivate employees to do work and train them to achieve success and organisation goals. 1000ventures i, 2011) 1. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Link between selected strategic management and leadership theories 1. Link organising vs. organising t he work by Henri fayol and Peter drucker. According to Fayol, organisation should provide the resources for day to day running the business in organisation. Moreover, its organisation responsibility to organise capital, personnel and raw materials for daily work and build structure for employees. (Economist i, 2011)On the other hand, Peter Drucker in his five processes also about organising the work. According to Drucker, it is important that management should plan about work. There are many organisations which are organising tasks before starting the business i. e. construction companies is the best example for organising tasks. Link 2: Employees training F W Taylor in his four objectives of scientific management 1881 writes about employees  Ã‚  Ã‚  professional tainting and he suggests training methods for employees to achieve their organisational goals. While Peter Drucker in his five management process also suggest employees training and he refers coaching method for employees in organisations. Job rotation, coaching mentoring and formal training are the best method which different organisations are using to train their employees . i. e. banks, financial and business organisation etc. (L, Mullins, 2010. P, 45) Link 3: Motivation F W Taylor and Peter Drucker both are agree about motivation in organisation. Because they believe motivation can impact on progress. Leaders and mangers can motivate their sub ordinates to do work and achieve tasks successfully. Taylor believed in economic needs of motivation and he thinks that high wages can increase productivity in company. L, Mullins, 2010. P, 45) 1. 1. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Link between leadership theories Link 1: Continuum Authoritarian/Democratic Task/Relationship (TS 1973) VROOM and YETTON contingency model The common things are quality of decisions, range of decisions in term of authoritarian, democratic styles. VROOM and YETTON contingency model also tell almost same. In authoritarian style leaders make decision themse lves or just get some information but they do not give right of decision to others. In democratic or consultative style leaders offer sub-ordinates in decision making but make decision themselves. L, Mullins, 2010. P, 381) According to VROOM and YETTON, there are five main management leadership styles. In A. I leaders try to solve problems and make decision according to their knowledge and information. In A. II leaders obtain information to their sub-ordinates but make decision themselves. In consultative decision style leaders shares problems with  Ã‚  Ã‚  individuals and sometimes groups. However, leaders make decision that may or may not reflect the influence of subordinates. Moreover, in group decision making the problem is shard with subordinates as group. L, Mullins, 2010. P, 386 Link 2: Traits Vs Style The traits theories suggest that the organisations attention should be focus on the selection of leaders rather than to train leaders. While according to Blake Mouton 1991). Organisation concerns should be select right people for work. In leadership theories the first approach of traits concern about the characteristics of leadership. Leaders are born not made so organisation focus should be on the selection of leaders rather than train leaders. Leadership consists of certain inherited characteristics or personality traits. Style of the leadership is the way in which the function of leadership carried out and the behaviour adopted by managers towards subordinates staff. (L, Mullins, 2010. P, 376). These style also concern right people for specific tasks. Once traits approaches are favour by born leaders on the other hand. Styles theories also favour about people who have ability to complete management task with out training. According to styles theories, organisation should select those people who deliver job and lead people. 1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Impact of strategic management and leadership theories have on organisation strategy Different management theories show some common point which should show some positive impacts for organisations in term of strategies. When organisation organise tasks for people, motivate them for tasks in term of increase wages and decisions. Moreover, organisation trains employees to achieve goals for the success of organisations. Leadership and manageme nt theories impact positively on organisational strategies and these style and theories are related to organisation’s development, performance and motivation. Leadership style and theories directly affect organisational strategies and activities. Different organisations adopt different leadership style and theories according to the nature of organisation. Organisations use these style and theories on different leadership stages i. e. Strategic leadership, operational leadership and team leadership. Theories guide organisation to use different techniques in different situation. Leadership and management theories give direction to organisation to use them in strategic, organisational, operational decision making process. Moreover, strategic leadership can use these style and theories in organisations for different tasks, it does not matter that the tasks are simple, complex or top level in organisation. 5. Utilise appropriate techniques to review leadership requirement of W L Gore †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Investigate the internal environment Business cycle There are seven stages of business cycles namely; seed stage, start-up stage, growth stages, established stage, expansion stage, mature stage and exit stage. These stages show where the organisation is in term of its business life, opportunities, sale growth, market share, and revenue. W L Gore has completed its 50 years. Now this company is on expansion stage because it is a multinational company which setup its business in 30 countries of the world. In term of sale growth and revenue W L Gore sales were $2 billion and $ 2. 5bilion in 2008 and 2010 respectively. (Gore i, 2011). Moreover, W L gore’s sales and revenues are rising and its products and services are becoming demandable in market. As W L gore expanding its business worldwide and lunching new product because they are fully established and now looking to expand their products. Stage of organisation development There are six stages of organisational development namely; continuum, incremental, step-change, flux, liquidation and transformational. W L Gore as company on incremental stage of development because company is expanding world wide and its last year sales is 2. 5 billion which was $2 Billion in 2007(Gore i. 2011). When we talk about its associates they are 900 and company is not reducing associates in company. When we talk about new technologies in W L Gore they are lunching new system of information and technology in their organisation world wide . i. e. in last decade W L gore introduce. Neural Intervention technologies and the clot-clearing technology of Selva Medical, Inc, medical components and devices, Bio absorbable Staple Line Reinforcement Material, Gore snapshot shield, antistatic Fabric Technology and many products and systems. In organisation development the role of HR is very important and W L Gore use best recourses for hire new talents and after hiring they provide best resources of training. W  Ã‚  L Gore as a best technological company use Associate networks, recruiting strategy, diversity awareness training and diversity and work/life benefits. Furthermore L Gore still wants to improve its growth, to expand business, use technology, RH resources to achieve organizational goals. (Gore i, 2011) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Investigate the external environment STEEPLE STEEPLE stands for social, technological, economic, environmental, political, legal and ethical. These are factors which companies consider to start new business. Organisational performance and effectiveness can also depend on the external environment. W L Gore is a multinational technological company . It has offices in 30 countries of the world. As multinational company W L gore review STEEPLE in organisation. W L Gore is a well reputed multinational company which follow all legal and international trade regulation. Technology has huge impact on W L gore because company’s focus to develop technology, speed to transfer and use IT, internet to communicate others and do research in IT field. Moreover, W L Gore review economic policy and business stage of company. Furthermore, STEEPLE Analysis which W L gore use to develop it business worldwide helpful in term of expending business in new place. (Gore i. 2011) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gap Analysis â€Å"Gap analysis involves an investigation of the gap between the vision, objectives and goals of the organisation and actual level of performance, and establishing the actions necessary to bring activities in line with that which is planned. † (Mullins, L, 2010. P, 795). Gap analysis is a technique which is use for the measurement of the organisation current performance, strategies and what organisation required in future. Currently, W L gore is establish company, its sales are $2. 5billion, they are manufacturing products in 12 different areas and Industry of different product are also expanding. Moreover , W L gore  Ã‚  manufacturing product in  aerospace,  automotive, chemical,computing, telecom, and test measurement energy,  environment industrial manufacturing,medical,  military,  pharmaceutical biotechnology, semiconductor sectors. (Gore I,2011) W L Gore is seeking innovative professional for future development. 5.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  leadership competencies and skills are most suitable for W L Gore following your investigation Leadership competencies and skills are most suitable for W L Gore * Leadership teamwork abilities: this is most suitable competence for W L gore and associates because in innovative and democratic style where teams work under leaders. Leader should have ability to sets direction and initiates action for teams. They know how to plans and organise things. Moreover, they know how to delegates responsibilities. In W L gore leadership and teamwork abilities are essential in term of organisational success and to achieve goals. Decision making abilities: W L Gore where everyone have right to share their ideas and associates participate in decision, but the leader is person who have authority to make decision. Because in W L gore culture follower give leaders power to make decisions so leader should have abilities to analyses problems, think critically and have ability to generate solution of problems. W  Ã‚  L Gore leadership have strong abilities of decision making. * Communication abilities: In W L gore there is direct communication between leaders and associates. This is good because lack of communication can create problems for company’s success . W L Gore is big organisation and company can not afford communication barrier. Communication abilities of leaders such as leading associates, group communication, upward and downward is always suitable W L gore for its business growth. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What are the core competences you are looking for? W L gore is established company and their leaders and associates are skilful innovative professional fields. There are core competences which I am looking for W L gore. These are communication abilities, leadership and teamwork abilities, Decision making abilities  knowledge, initiative and will power. These are core competence  Ã‚  which are  Ã‚  important for  Ã‚  W L gore organisation because leaders are the main part in W L gore who lead teams, make plans, set goals and objectives for company. Utilise Adair leadership competencies Adair’s five leadership competencies about leadership. * Leadership teamwork abilities * Decision making abilities * Communication abilities * Self management abilities * Personal qualities According to Adair, â€Å"leadership should have following professional competencies to lead organisation. These are competencies which good leaders should adopt in term to control teams, to make decisions and communicate with associates and employees. Furthermore, leaders self management abilities and personal qualities of leader are essential for leadership in organisation†. (Adair, J, 2005. P, 97) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What personal competencies are you looking for? * Personality character: leaders are role model for their employees in organizations. Their personalities and impression can create influence on employees. *   Courage: Good leader always courage their employees. In W L gore leaders encouragement for employees is one of the major aspect of company success which remain essential in future. * Will power. Will power is a personal competence of the leader. It is an inner strength of person which capable his/her make decision and control the situation. In W L Gore where teams work under leaders, sometimes in complex situation leaders need to make some decisions themselves. * Knowledge: the leadership knowledge about different techniques is very important in organization. Moreover, leadership knowledge about internal, external environment for company is important. Leaders should be knowledge about company’s future planning for company and also knowledge how to deal with other companies. Furthermore, Future leader need different knowledge in W L gore. * Leadership development strategy Adair identify seven principles of leadership development strategy. 1. Development strategy for leadership for three levels of leadership; operational, strategy and team. 2. Selection of those professionals who have abilities to lead organisation in future. 3. Design course and training: define course and method of training  Ã‚  according to the business  Ã‚  requirements 4. Plan career: Plan career for professional through giving them right job at the right time because professional or leaders can only emerge through leading practice. 5. Use line managers as mentors for new individuals, because their knowledge will be a helpful for leadership. 6. Create cooperate culture because such environment helpful for self development in leadership for new leaders. 7. Top leadership interaction with growing leaders.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Required leadership skills or competencies: W L Gore required following leadership skills and competencies in future. However, some leadership skills or competencies are same but in future new leaders need to improve and manage some skills for success of business and to achieve goals. In W L gore new leadership required following skills and competencies * Leadership teamwork abilities * Decision making abilities * Communication abilities * Self management abilities * Personal qualities * Command and control ability  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personal skills * Will power *   knowledge *   Initiative * Trust The suitable Leadership Training and Development Methods: * Formal education * Formal training * Mentoring A formal education program is the process of training and developing people in knowledge, skills, mind, and character in a structured and certified program. (Sil i. 2011)Formal education is classroom-based, provided by trained teachers in schools, colleges and universities. There are different types of courses in formal education. Moreover degree level course and also specific specialize courses also offer by institutions for professionals. Leaders do not need education and training but every leader is not born leader so, I think formal education is important for everyone. Advantages Firstly, Formal education is best source of gaining knowledge through lectures, tasks and exams. Secondly, most effective way of learning. Thirdly, it can develop self confidence in term of communication. Disadvantages Formal education is expensive in term of cost and also time consuming because the length of professional courses are six months to one year. Moreover there is a big risk for job oriented people. They can lose their jobs if they start formal education in institutions. Formal training: formal training is the best method for new professionals who just completed their professional education and enter in professional fields. Formal training is goal orientated. It is based on specific programs according to professional needs and requirements. Formal training is useful for leaders to learn new methods practically and apply them on work. Advantages * Self confidence on job * Improve job performance * Valuable for employees * Professional development * Result oriented Disadvantages * Time consuming * High Cost * Job lose risk * Mentoring A Mentoring is method which one expert, knowledge and skilful person use to guide  Ã‚  Ã‚  and train professionals. It is a supportive and challenging relational ship in which the mentor offers advice, guidance and support to professionals. The mentors are expert in area of leadership or in management within organisation. (Admin i, 2011) Mentoring is a very essential for professional because they can learn and develop different techniques which can help them in their professional fields. Moreover, mentoring is about motivating and encouraging professionals to identify their problems, goals and help them to find the solution of their problems. Furthermore, the aim of mentor to focus on individual’s to build his/her capabilities, help his/her to discover wisdom and work with learner’s own goals. Advantages Firstly, Professional can improve their weakness and develop career. Secondly, mentors experience and techniques can influence on professional which can change professional’s outlook positively. Thirdly, professional can improve self-confidence and use his/her skills in organisation. Finally, mentoring can produce productivity and positive results in organisation. Disadvantages: The main disadvantage is time to complete the mentoring process and such training required planning, communication and feedback. Secondly, it is not formal training than formal education and formal training moreover mentor just delivers his/her knowledge and experience to professionals. Thirdly, mentor’s techniques may be not useful in future for professionals in organisation Monitoring Leadership Strategy The most appropriate methods of monitoring leadership strategy are: Organisation should make a committee about training courses which can monitor both trainee and trainer whether they are doing their job honestly or not. Moreover, committee should monitor those resources which organisation provide for training courses. Attendance: Attendance is the best method to monitor learner weather he/she is coming to attend course or not. Exams: exam is procedure to check performance of candidate’s . xam can be in written form or it can be a presentation Interview: it is technique which can be use to check learner creditability. Questionnaires: different questions can be asked to candidates about  Ã‚  their course. 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion In conclusion W L Gore Adopt democratic and laissez-faire styles in leadership and management. These styles have positive effect on company’s strategic decisions. Moreover, different management and leadership theories are also use in W L Gore. Company’s leadership have different professional and personal which is essential for company to achieve its organisational goals. How to cite Case Analysis, Papers Case Analysis Free Essays Organizations that remain stagnant In their strategy eventually become so salary to their competitors that the only differentiating characteristic between them is price; this hometown, according to Cummings and Gnawing transforms these companies into â€Å"lemmings† that blindly follow their peers without unleashing their full potential. An organization can set itself apart and create new paths for itself by changing its strategy to meet the new environment, a change Into what the authors call the Annual chimera† or PVC. In mythology, a chimera Is a multi-headed, different-faced creature with different body parts. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The idea behind the chimera analogy is clear: organizations can differentiate themselves by adapting to the changing environment, hangs brought about by technology and increasing globalization. Most companies want to â€Å"differentiate themselves by developing a unique network of psychological characteristics and associations that separate them from others. There is a clash between the old school management theories and the PVC: where the previous theories focused on cost reduction and efficient production, the PVC focuses on differentiation and customization. The clash emerges because the focus of these two ideas necessarily contradicts the other, as in how can you reduce cost but still customize your product? The PVC Is consistent with the resource-based model since It views organizations â€Å"In terms of their distinctive constellations of tangible and Intangible resources, the sum of whose parts create unique and often Inimitable capableness. The value chain analysis, accord ing to the PVC, is not the preferred method of viewing strategy; instead, strategy should be a mixture of resources and value to create a hybrid organization that is both agile and also maintains its ability to produce what its customers want. 4. Dell faces Increased competition from Its rivals such as HP, Acre, Apple, and Leno and must stay agile to keep its market share. All of them segment their customers effectively and then set their strategies to focus on each segment. Dell has four market segments that it has identified: home users, large enterprise customers, small/medium businesses, and the public sector. Dell’s strategy is to maintain its focus on each of these segments to provide better customer service to malting loyalty. Acre group’s strategy Is to acquire other competing brands and en to tailor tense Dramas to meet tenet segments needs. Acres strategy Is salary to Dell’s, however Acre does not possess the knowledge that Dell has gained in-house to successfully focus its strengths into different brands for different segments. HP also segments is markets, however it started out by focusing on printing and imaging and not personal computers. HP also focuses its strategy on the services-side of computing, a segment that Dell does not compete in directly. HP seems to be focusing its PC sales on new, fancy-looking computers rather than setting itself apart eased on its customer service or services business. Apple, on the other hand, does not segment its market in the same way that Dell, HP, and Acre segment their markets. Apple’s market is a niche computing market that serves the â€Å"high-end† computer user. Dell does not need to directly compete with Apple since Apple-loyalty is based on the niche, and not based on the quality of service or quality of product like Dell’s loyalty is based. Leno started out late in the game and purchased Vim’s personal computer division and is the largest producer in Asia. Leno focuses, like HP, on the services-side of computing, a segment that Dell does not compete in yet. Dell also offers adjacent products like televisions and entertainment products, segments that Leno does not offer. Dell should compete with Leno only in Asia and the Middle Eastern markets in the future. Based on the previous analysis, Dell should continue to focus its strategy on its current market segments and not venture into new territory such as services and other management tools. While Dell might consider Asia as its next frontier, there are many issues with facing Leno on its own ruff, as well as new entrants to the market as developing countries like India begin their own computer producing companies. I would recommend that Dell maintain its focus on Asia and keep its strategy limited to offering quality customer service and affordable, customizable personal computers in the U. S. 2. We must classify environments because firms can control certain aspects of it, and cannot control other aspects of it. General environment segments directly influence an industry and include segments such as political, demographic, and coloratura. Firms cannot control the general environment segments, however these segments directly influence the strategies these firms will choose. On the other hand, industry environment factors directly influence a firm and its strategic choices: the power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, and the intensity of rivalry among competitors. Successful firms gather all the necessary information on the external environment and then also gather intelligence on their competitors in the industry to properly form their strategy. Five important factors in the general environment include anemographic, technological, coloratura, global, and legal segments. The demographic segment considers that age and population of the market as well as the income of customers; technology considerations include advances in communication and product innovation; coloratura segment analysis includes workforce diversity, shifts in product characteristic preferences, and shifts in work/career preferences; the global segment considers emerging new markets and different cultural attributes; finally, the legal segment considers laws and regulations that may affect strategic decisions. How to cite Case Analysis, Papers